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Neurological soft signs significantly differentiate schizophrenia patients from healthy controls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2017

Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis ,
Panagiotis Panagiotidis ,
Xenia Gonda ,
Vasilios Kimiskidis  and
Ioannis Nimatoudis
Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis*
Affiliation:
3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Panagiotis Panagiotidis
Affiliation:
3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Xenia Gonda
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary NAP-A-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
Vasilios Kimiskidis
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece
Ioannis Nimatoudis
Affiliation:
3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
*
Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, 6, Odysseos str (1st Parodos Ampelonon street), 55535 Pylaia Thessaloniki, Greece. Tel: +30 2310 435702; Fax: +30 2310 266570; E-mail: kfount@med.auth.gr
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Abstract

Objective

Neurological soft signs (NSS) are a group of minor non-localisable neurological abnormalities found more often in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to test for the effect of gender, age, parental age, age at onset and clinical symptomatology on NSS.

Material and methods

The study sample included 133 patients suffering from schizophrenia according to DSM-IV-TR (77 males and 56 females; aged 33.55±11.22 years old) and 122 normal controls (66 males and 56 females; aged 32.89±9.91 years old). The assessment included the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES), and a number of scales assessing the clinical symptoms and adverse effects especially extrapyramidal. The statistical analysis included exploratory t-test, simple linear regression analysis, analysis of covariance and the calculation of correlation coefficients.

Results

The results of the current study confirm that NSS are more frequent in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with normal controls (Wilks=0.622, p<0.0001), but do not support an effect of gender, age, age at onset, paternal or maternal age, education, medication status or clinical subtype of schizophrenia on NES scores.

Discussion

Overall these results suggest that NSS constitute an independent (from the rest of symptoms), core (present in the vast majority of patients) and trait (unrelated to age and probably to the stage of schizophrenia) symptom of schizophrenia which could be of value in the clinical assessment and research of schizophrenia. Overall these results are not in full accord with the literature, but they could serve to fill in gaps and inconsistencies observed so far.

Keywords

motor coordinationneurological abnormalitiesschizophreniasoft neurological signs
Type
Original Article
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , April 2018 , pp. 97 - 105
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Copyright
© Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2017 

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