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Adjunctive yoga training for persons with schizophrenia: who benefits?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2020

Triptish Bhatia ,
Swathi Gujral ,
Vikas Sharma ,
Nupur Kumari ,
Joel Wood ,
Maribeth A. Wesesky ,
Jacquelynn Jones ,
Louanne W. Davis ,
Satish Iyenger  and
Gretchen L. Haas
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Triptish Bhatia
Affiliation:
Indo-USA Projects and NCU-ICMR, Department of Psychiatry and De-addiction, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, ABVIMS. -Dr. R.M.L. Hospital, New Delhi, India
Swathi Gujral
Affiliation:
VA VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center of Excellence (MIRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Vikas Sharma
Affiliation:
NCU-ICMR, Department of Psychiatry and De-addiction, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, ABVIMS. -Dr.R.M.L. Hospital, New Delhi, India
Nupur Kumari
Affiliation:
SATYAM-DST Project, Department of Psychiatry and De-addiction, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, ABVIMS. -Dr.R.M.L. Hospital, New Delhi, India
Joel Wood
Affiliation:
Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Maribeth A. Wesesky
Affiliation:
Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Jacquelynn Jones
Affiliation:
Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Louanne W. Davis
Affiliation:
Department of Research, Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Satish Iyenger
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Gretchen L. Haas
Affiliation:
VA VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center of Excellence (MIRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar
Affiliation:
Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Behavioral Health Service Line, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Smita N. Deshpande*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and De-addiction, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, ABVIMS. -Dr.R.M.L. Hospital, New Delhi, India
*
Author for correspondence: Smita N. Deshpande, Email: smitadesp@gmail.com
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Abstract

Objective:

The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with acceptability and efficacy of yoga training (YT) for improving cognitive dysfunction in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ).

Methods:

We analysed data from two published clinical trials of YT for cognitive dysfunction among Indians with SZ: (1) a 21-day randomised controlled trial (RCT, N = 286), 3 and 6 months follow-up and (2) a 21-day open trial (n = 62). Multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the association of baseline characteristics (age, sex, socio-economic status, educational status, duration, and severity of illness) with improvement in cognition (i.e. attention and face memory) following YT. Factors associated with acceptability were identified by comparing baseline demographic variables between screened and enrolled participants as well as completers versus non-completers.

Results:

Enrolled participants were younger than screened persons who declined participation (t = 2.952, p = 0.003). No other characteristics were associated with study enrollment or completion. Regarding efficacy, schooling duration was nominally associated with greater and sustained cognitive improvement on a measure of facial memory. No other baseline characteristics were associated with efficacy of YT in the open trial, the RCT, or the combined samples (n = 148).

Conclusions:

YT is acceptable even among younger individuals with SZ. It also enhances specific cognitive functions, regardless of individual differences in selected psychosocial characteristics. Thus, yoga could be incorporated as adjunctive therapy for patients with SZ. Importantly, our results suggest cognitive dysfunction is remediable in persons with SZ across the age spectrum.

Keywords

schizophreniacognitionyogaattentionface memory
Type
Original Article
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , June 2021 , pp. 113 - 120
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Copyright
© Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2020

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Footnotes

†

These authors are joint co-authors.

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