Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:46:55.180Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biological aspects of panic disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

L. Timmerman
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The purpose of this article is to give a comprehensive review of biological theories about the development of panic disorder.

Noradrenergic, serotonergic and GABA-ergic models of panic disorder are discussed, together with the role of peptides and neuroanatomical hypotheses.

The conclusion is that there is no unitary biological explanation of panic disorder.

An intergrative bio-psycho-social model seems for the moment the most usefull.

Keywords

Panic disorderbiological theory'sneurotransmitterspeptidesneuroanatomypaniekstoornisbiologische theorieenneu-rotransmittorspeptidenneuro-anatomie
Type
Research Article
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 6 , Issue 1 , March 1994 , pp. 6 - 11
Copyright
Copyright © Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

2.Kahn, RS, HM, Van Praag. Panic disorder: A biological perspective. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1992; 2: 1–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Clum, GA, Borden, JW. Etiology and treatment of panic disorders. Prog Behav Mod 1989; 24: 192–222.Google ScholarPubMed
8.Den Boer, JA. Serotonergic mechanisms in anxiety disorders: an inquiry into serotonin function in panic disorder. Utrecht: Thesis, 1988.Google Scholar
10.Kahn, RS, Van Praag, HM, Wetzler, S, et al.Serotonin and anxiety revisited. Biol Psychiat 1988; 23; 189–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Kahn, RS, van Praag, HM. A serotonin hypothesis of panic disorder. Hum psychopharmacol 1988; 3: 285–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Delgado, PL, Charney, DS, Price, LH, et al.Serotonin function and the mechanism of antidepressant action: reversal of antidepressant induced remission by rapid depletion of plasma tryptophan. Arch gen Psychiat 1990; 47: 411–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Den Boer, JA. Involvement of 5-HT subtypes in anxiety. Int Monitor 1992; 5: 95–6.Google Scholar
19.Sheehan, DV, Zak, JP, Miller, JA, et al.Are serotonergic abnormalities associated with panic disorder? J clin Psychiat 1988; 48 (8 suppl): 30–6.Google Scholar
20.Thulen, JHM. Catecholamines, Mood and cardiovascular Control. Rotterdam: Thesis, 1993.Google Scholar
21.Gray, JA. Issues in the neuropsychology of anxiety. In: Tuma, AH and Maser, JD, eds. Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders. Hillsdale/New Jersey/London: L. Erlbaum, 1985: 5–26.Google Scholar
22.Charney, DS, Heninger, GR. Abnormal regulation of noradrenergic function in panic disorders. Effects of Clonidine in healthy subjects and patients with agoraphobia and panic disorder. Arch gen Psychiat 1986; 43: 1042–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Charney, DS, Heninger, GR, Breier, A. Noradrenergic function in panic anxiety. Effects of yohimbine in healthy subjects and patients with agoraphobia and panic disorder. Arch gen Psychiat 1984; 41: 751–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Charney, DS, Woods, S W, Goodman, WK, Heninger, GR. Neurobiological mechanisms of panic anxiety. Biochemical and behavioral correlates of yohimbine induced panic attacks. Am J Psychiat 1987; 144: 1030–6.Google ScholarPubMed
31.Gorman, JM, Liebowitz, MR, Fyer, AJ, Stein, J. A neuronatomical hypothesis for panic disorder. Am J Psychiat 1989; 146: 148–61.Google Scholar
32.Koob, GF, Thatcher Britton, K, Britton, DR, et al.Destruction of the locus ceruleus or the dorsal NE-bundle does not alter the release of punished responding by ethanol and chlordiazepoxide. Physiol Beh 1984; 33: 479–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Sanghera, MK, Mc Miller, BA, German, DC. Buspirone: a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic increases locus coeruleus noradrenergic neural activity. Eur J Pharmacol 1983; 86: 107–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Charney, DS, Heninger, GR. Noradrenergic function and the mechanism of antianxiety treatment I: The effect of long term alprazolam treatment. Arch gen Psychiat 1985; 42: 458–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43.Charney, DW, Woods, SW. Nagy, LM. et al.Noradrenergic function in panic disorder. J clin Psychiat 1990; 51 (suppl dec, A): 5–11.Google ScholarPubMed
44.Griez, E, Lousberg, H, van den Hout, MAet al.CO2 vulnerability in panic disorder. Psychiat Res 1987; 20: 87–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45.Klein, DF, Gorman, JM. A model of panic and agoraphobic development. Acta psychiat scand 1987; 335 (suppl): 87–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46.Enna, SJ. Role of g aminobutyric acid in anxiety. Psychopathology 1984; 17: (suppl 1): 15–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57.Skolnick, P, Paul, SM. New concepts in the neurobiology of anxiety. J clin Psychiat 1983; 44: 12–9.Google ScholarPubMed
62.De Montigny, C. Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide induces panic- like attacks in healthy volunteers. Arch gen Psychiat 1989; 46: 511–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
65.Reiman, EM, Raichle, ME, Robin, E, et al.Neuroanatomical correlates of a lactate induced anxiety attack. Arch gen Psychiat 1989; 46: 493–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
70.Gray, JA. The neuropsychological basis of anxiety. In Last, C.G., Hersen, M., Eds. Handbook of Anxiety Disorders. New York: Pergamon Press, 1988: 10–37.Google Scholar
71.Anis, GM, Wetzler, S, Van Praag, HM. The interrelationship of serotonin and norepinephrine in man (Abstract). Clin Neuropharmacol 1993; 15(suppl I Pt A): 620–1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
72.Alf, C, Katschnig, H, Nouzak, A, Klug, J. Psychosociale und biologische korrelate von Panikattacken und Paniksyndrom. Psychiat Praxis 1990; 17: 13–22.Google Scholar