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A randomised controlled trial of adjunctive yoga and adjunctive physical exercise training for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2016

Triptish Bhatia ,
Sati Mazumdar ,
Joel Wood ,
Fanyin He ,
Raquel E. Gur ,
Ruben C. Gur ,
Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar  and
Smita N. Deshpande
Triptish Bhatia*
Affiliation:
GRIP-NIH Project, Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER-Dr. R.M.L. Hospital, New Delhi, India
Sati Mazumdar
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Joel Wood
Affiliation:
WPIC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Fanyin He
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Raquel E. Gur
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Ruben C. Gur
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Smita N. Deshpande
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER-Dr. R.M.L. Hospital, New Delhi, India
*
Triptish Bhatia, GRIP-NIH Project, Department of Psychiatry, Room 30, Park Street, PGIMER-Dr. R.M.L. Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi 110001, India. Tel: +91 11 23 404 363; Fax:+91 11 23 342 122; E-mail: bhatiatriptish@yahoo.co.in
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Abstract

Background

Yoga and physical exercise have been used as adjunctive intervention for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia (SZ), but controlled comparisons are lacking.

Aims

A single-blind randomised controlled trial was designed to evaluate whether yoga training or physical exercise training enhance cognitive functions in SZ, based on a prior pilot study.

Methods

Consenting, clinically stable, adult outpatients with SZ (n=286) completed baseline assessments and were randomised to treatment as usual (TAU), supervised yoga training with TAU (YT) or supervised physical exercise training with TAU (PE). Based on the pilot study, the primary outcome measure was speed index for the cognitive domain of ‘attention’ in the Penn computerised neurocognitive battery. Using mixed models and contrasts, cognitive functions at baseline, 21 days (end of training), 3 and 6 months post-training were evaluated with intention-to-treat paradigm.

Results

Speed index of attention domain in the YT group showed greater improvement than PE at 6 months follow-up (p<0.036, effect size 0.51). In the PE group, ‘accuracy index of attention domain showed greater improvement than TAU alone at 6-month follow-up (p<0.025, effect size 0.61). For several other cognitive domains, significant improvements were observed with YT or PE compared with TAU alone (p<0.05, effect sizes 0.30–1.97).

Conclusions

Both YT and PE improved attention and additional cognitive domains well past the training period, supporting our prior reported beneficial effect of YT on speed index of attention domain. As adjuncts, YT or PE can benefit individuals with SZ.

Keywords

cognitionphysical exerciseRCTschizophreniayoga
Type
Original Articles
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 29 , Issue 2 , April 2017 , pp. 102 - 114
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Copyright
© Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2016 

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