Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 March 2019
Layered Synthetic Microstructures (LSM) for XRF instruments became commercially available in the early 1980's. It was quickly recognized that these devices improved the efficiency of diffraction for the elements boron through magnesium considerably over the LOD soap multilayers and single crystals available at that time. LSM devices of 40, 50, 80, and 120 ang-strom (2D) spacing were offered at first. Gradually, many different 2D spacings and compositions have become available, each with its own special area of application, usually limited to one or two elements.