Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:30:27.515Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of Sampling on the Quality of Analyses with Emphasis on Powders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

C. L. Grant  and
P. A. Pelton
C. L. Grant
Affiliation:
Center for Industrial and Institutional Development, University of New Hampshire, Durharn, NH 03824
P. A. Pelton
Affiliation:
Center for Industrial and Institutional Development, University of New Hampshire, Durharn, NH 03824
Get access

Extract

Sampling is a necessary part of the chemical analysis of particulate matter where the objective is to characterize bulk properties since it is usually undesirable or impossible to test an entire lot. The sample must be a miniature replica of the bulk material at least in respect to those features being tested. In other words, the sample must be representative to permit extrapolation from the sample to the bulk.

There is error associated with sampling particulate material, but this sampling error is only one component of the total error associated with an analytical result. Sample preparation and determination of the property being tested are two other major sources of error, These three errors combine as the squares of their standard deviations, i.e., their variances, to produce the total analytical error. Very often, sampling error is the largest of the three and, therefore, contributes a disproportionately large share to the total error.

Type
Research Article
Information
Advances in X-Ray Analysis , Volume 17: Twenty-Second Annual Conference on Applications of X-ray Analysis, August 22-24, 1973 , 1973 , pp. 44 - 67
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1973

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Bicking, C. A., “The Sampling of Bulk Materials,” Materials Research and Standards, MTRSA 7, 95–116 (1967).Google Scholar
2. Taschler, A. F., “Sampling of Solids,” in Technical Report 3939, Quality Assurance Directorate, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, N. J. (1969).Google Scholar
3. Allen, T and Khan, A. A., “Critical Evaluation of Powder Sampling Procedures,” Chem. Eng. (London) 238, 108–112 (1970).Google Scholar
4. Charlier, R and Goosens, W., “Sampling a Heterogeneous Powder Using a Spinning Riffler,” Powder Technology 4, 351–359 (1970/1971).Google Scholar
5. Burt, M. W. G., Fewtrell, C. A., and Wharton, R. A., “A Suspension Sampler for Particle Size Analysis Work,” Powder Technology 7, 327–330 (1973).Google Scholar
6. Fischer, J. J., “Solid-Solid Blending,” Chemical Engineering 67, 107–128 (1960).Google Scholar
7. Van Denburg, J. F. and Bauer, W. C., “Segregation of Particles in the Storage of Materials,” Chemical Engineering 71, 135–142 (1964).Google Scholar
8. Campbell, H and Bauer, W. C., “Cause and Cure of Demixing in Solid-Solid Mixers,” Chemical Engineering 73, 179–185 (1966).Google Scholar
9. Williams, J. C., “The Mixing of Dry Powders,” Powder Technology 2, 13–20 (1968/1969).Google Scholar
10. Benedetti-Pichler, A. A., “Theory and Principles of Sampling for Chemical Analysis,” in Berl, W. M., Editor, Physical Methods in Chemical Analysis, Vol. 3, p. 183–217, Academic Press (1956).Google Scholar
11. Visman, J., “A General Sampling Theory,” Materials Research and Standards, MTRSA 9, 9–13, 51-66 (1969).Google Scholar
12. Wilson, A. D., “The Sampling of Silicate Rock Powders for Chemical Analysis,” Analyst 89, 18–30 (1964).Google Scholar
13. Herdan, G., “Attainment of a Specified Fineness,” in Small Particle Statistics, p. 229–246, Butterworths (1960).Google Scholar
14. Sandell, E. B. and Elving, P. J., “Principles and Methods of Sampling,” in Kolthoff, I. M., Elving, P. J., and Sandell, E. B., Editors, Treatise in Analytical Chemistry, Part 1, Vol. 1, p. 67–97, Wiley (1959).Google Scholar
15. Davies, O. L., Statistical Methods in Research and Production, Oliver and Boyd (1947).Google Scholar
16. Ottley, D. J., “Gy's Sampling Slide Rule,” World Mining, 20–24(August 1966).Google Scholar
17. McCabe, W. L. and Smith, J. C., “Size Reduction,” in Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, p. 201–241, McGraw-Hill (1956).Google Scholar
18. Wilks, P. H., Ravinder, P., Grant, C. L., Pelton, P. A., Downer, R. J., and Talbot, M. L., “The Commercial Production of Submicron ZrO2 Via Plasma,” in Symposium on the Application of Electric Discharge Chemistry, San Francisco, American Institute of Chemical Engineers (1971).Google Scholar
19. Grant, C. L. and Pelton, P. A., “The Role of Homogeneity in Powder Sampling,” in ASTM STP 540, Sampling, Standards, and Homogeneity, in press.Google Scholar
20. Ridgway, K and Rupp, R., “The Mixing of Powder Layers on a Chute: The Effect of Particle Size and Shape,” Powder Technology 4, 195–202 (1970/1971).Google Scholar