Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T12:21:23.810Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Aerodynamic Aspects of Boundary Layer Control for High Lift at Low Speeds*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2016

John Williams  and
Sidney F. J. Butler
John Williams
Affiliation:
Aerodynamics Department, Royal Aircraft Establishment
Sidney F. J. Butler
Affiliation:
Aerodynamics Department, Royal Aircraft Establishment
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary:

The usefulness of boundary-layer control (B.L.C.) at the knee of a trailing-edge flap, over the wing nose close to the leading-edge or at the knee of a leading-edge flap is first noted. Various methods of providing B.L.C. are outlined, comprising slot blowing, slot suction, area suction, inclined air-jets, and specially-designed aerofoil shapes. The aerodynamic aspects of slot blowing over trailing-edge flaps and the wing nose are then examined in detail and both slot suction and area suction are also considered. The associated practical design features required for good performance are discussed and some flight-handling implications are mentioned.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 67 , Issue 628 , April 1963 , pp. 201 - 223
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1963

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Much of this paper formed the basis of an unpublished lecture to the Royal Aeronautical Society, four years ago. Suitable additions and amendments have been incorporated to bring it up to date.

References

References

This list mainly refers to R.A.E. and N.P.L. papers issued since 1950, but more comprehensive bibliographies of British and Foreign work have been included in Refs. 1 to 6.

General

1.Lachmann, G. V. (Editor). Boundary-layer and Flow Control..Vol. 1. Pergamon Press, London (1961).Google Scholar
2.Thwaites, B. (Editor). Incompressible Aerodynamics. Chapter VI: Boundary-layer Control.. Oxford University Press, London (1960).Google Scholar
3.Williams, J.British Research on Boundary-layer Control for High Lift by Blowing. Z.F.W..(Germany), Vol. 6, p. 143 (1958).Google Scholar
4.Harper, C. W.Increased Usable Lift-Through Boundary Layer Control. 6th Anglo-American Conference. Royal Aeronautical Society, Folkestone (1957).Google Scholar
5.Poisson-quinton, PH.Quelques Aspects Physiques du Soufflage sur les Ailes d'Avion. Tech. et Sc. Ae.. Vol. 4, p. 163 (1956).Google Scholar
6.Schlichting, H.Some Recent Developments in Boundary-Layer Control. Proc. 1st Int. Congr. Ae. Sc, Madrid. pp. 563–586 (1958). Pergamon Press, London (1959).Google Scholar
7.Williams, J. Revised Note on the Use of Hydrogen Peroxide Rockets for Boundary-Layer Control. N.P.L./Aero./228. A.R.C. 15,923 (1952).Google Scholar
8.Drinkwater, F. J. and Cooper, G. E. A Flight Evaluation of the Factors Which Influence the Selection of Landing Approach Speeds. AGARD Report 230.Google Scholar
9.Lean, D. and Eaton, R. The Influence of Drag Characteristics on the Choice of Landing Approach Speeds. A.R.C. Current Paper 433 (1959).Google Scholar
10Staples, K. Analysis of Some Flight Measurements of the Influence of Speed Stability on the Landing Approach. AGARD Paper to be issued.Google Scholar
11Lyon, H. M., Hills, R., etc. Lift Increase by Boundary-Layer Control. Unpublished M.O.A. Reports (1939 and 1941). Google Scholar
12Paine, W. H.Blowing, B.L.C. Tests on a Two-Dimensional Model and a Model with 40° Sweepback. Unpublished Westland Aircraft Reports (1950 and 1951).Google Scholar
13Williams, J. An Analysis of Aerodynamic Data on Blowing Over Trailing-Edge Flaps for Increasing Lift. A.R.C. Current Paper 209 (1954).Google Scholar
14Williams, J. and Alexander, A. J. Pressure-Plotting Measurements on an 8% Thick Aerofoil with Trailing-Edge Flap Blowing. A.R.C. R. & M. 3087 (1956).Google Scholar
15Williams, J. and Alexander, A. J. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Trailing-Edge Flap Blowing on a 5 Per Cent Thick 60° Delta Wing. N.P.L./Aero./321. A.R.C. 19,240 (1957). (Final N.P.L. Report to be issued).Google Scholar
16Butler, S. F. J. and Guyett, M. B. Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Test's on the de Havilland Sea Venom with Blowing over the Flaps. A.R.C. R. & M. 3129 (1957).Google Scholar
17Anscombe, A., Butler, S. F. J. and Guyett, M. B. Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Tests on the Vickers Supermarine N.1 13 (Scimitar) with Blowing over Flaps. Unpublished M.O.A. Report.Google Scholar
18Butler, S. F. J. and Guyett, M. B. Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Tests on a Delta Wing Aircraft Model of Aspect Ratio 2-29 and 40° Leading-Edge Sweepback (S.R.I77) with Blowing over the Trailing-Edge Flaps and Ailerons. Unpublished M.O.A. Report (1962).Google Scholar
19Trebble, W. G. T. Exploratory Wind-Tunnel Tests on a 55° Sweptback Wing of Aspect-Ratio 3, with Blowing over Leading-and Trailing-Edge Flaps. Unpublished M.O.A. Report.Google Scholar
20ANON, . Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Tests with High-Pressure Blowing over Trailing-Edge Flaps, Ailerons and Wing Nose on a 1/5-Scale Model of the Blackburn N.A.39 Aircraft. Unpublished Reports of Blackburn Aircraft Ltd. and M.O.A.Google Scholar
21Bradshaw, P. and Gee, M. T. Turbulent Wall Jet With and Without an External Stress. A.R.C. R. & M. 3252 (1960).Google Scholar
22Thomas, F.Untersuchungen über die Grenzschichtbeeinflussung durch Ausblasen zur Erhötung des Auftriebes von Tragflügeln. D.F.L..(Germany) Report 092 (1961).Google Scholar
23Hay, A. J. and Egginton, W. J.An Exact Theory of a Thin Aerofoil with Large Flap Deflection. Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society. Vol. 60, p. 753 (1956).Google Scholar
24Dj, N.A.C.A. Report 1071 (1952).Google Scholar
25Kirby, D. W., Lawford, J. and Eyre, R. C. W. Low-Speed Tunnel Tests on an Unswept Wing of Aspect-Ratio 98 With Four Propellers and Trailing-Edge Flap Blowing. Unpublished M.O.A. Report.Google Scholar
26Anon, . Practical Work on “Flap Blowing.” de Havilland Gazette. No. 93, p. 80 (1956).Google Scholar
27Perry, D. H. Flight Tests of the Lateral Stability of the de Havilland Sea Venom with Blowing Over Flaps. Unpublished M.O.A. Report.Google Scholar
28Anon., Blown Flaps by Supermarine. The Aeroplane. p. 86, 18th January 1957.Google Scholar
29Anon., Blackburn Aircraft: the N.A.39. Flight. p. 602, 1st May 1959.Google Scholar
30Butler, S. F. J. Low Speed Wind-Tunnel Tests on a Swept back Wing Model with Blowing over the Wing Leading-Edge and Blowing over the Flaps and Ailerons. Unpublished M.O.A. Report.Google Scholar
31Williams, J. and Love, E. M. Pressure-Plotting Measurements on an 8% Thick Aerofoil with Blowing at the Knee of a Leading-Edge Flap. Unpublished N.P.L. Report (1956).Google Scholar
32Beavis, D. G. and Wilsden, D. J. Low Speed Wind-Tunnel Tests on a 55° Sweptback Semi-Span Wing Model of Aspect- Ratio 3, with Rearward Blowing from Leading- and Trailing-Edge Flaps. Unpublished de Havilland Report (1958).Google Scholar
33Rawcliffe, A. G. Suction Slot Ducting Design. R. & M. 2580 (1947).Google Scholar
34Gregory, N. and Walker, W. S. Further Wind-Tunnel Tests on a 30 Per Cent Symmetrical Suction Aerofoil with a Movable Flap. A.R.C. R. & M. 2287 (1946).Google Scholar
35Williams, J. Some Improvements in the Design of Thick Suction Aerofoils. A.R.C. Current Paper 31 (1950).Google Scholar
36Keeble, T. S.Development in Australia of a Thick Suction Wing. 3rd Anglo-American Conf.. Brighton (1951). Royal Aeronautical Society (1952). Trailing-edge flap area suctionGoogle Scholar
37Cook, W. L., Holzhauser, C. A. and Kelly, M. W. The Use of Area Suction for the Purpose of Improving Trailing- Edge Hap Effectiveness on a 35° Sweptback Wing. N.A.C.A. R. M. A 53 E 06 (1956).Google Scholar
38Dannenberg, R. E., Weiberg, J. A. and Gambucci, B. J. Perforated Sheets as the Porous Material for a Suction-Flap Application. N.A.C.A. T.N. 4038 (1957).Google Scholar
39Williams, J. and Alexander, A. J. Pressure-Plotting and Boundary-Layer Measurements on an 8% Thick Aerofoil with an Area-Suction Trailing-Edge Hap. Unpublished N.P.L. work (1954).Google Scholar
40Burrows, F. M. On Some Problems Concerning High-Lift Suction Aircraft. Cambridge Univ. Ph.D. Thesis (1961).Google Scholar
41Williams, J. Some Investigations on Thin Nose-Suction Aerofoils, Parts I and II. A.R.C. R. & M. 2693 (1950).Google Scholar
42Poppleton, E. D. Boundary-Layer Control for High Lift by Suction at the Leading-Edge of a 40° Sweptback Wing. A.R.C. R. & M. 2897 (1951).Google Scholar
43Poppleton, E. D. Wind-Tunnel Tests on a 60° Sweptback Wing with a Leading-Edge Suction Slot. Unpublished M.O.A. Report (1953).Google Scholar
44Pasamanick, J. and Sellers, T. B. Full-Scale Investigation of Boundary-Layer Control by Suction Through Leading- Edge Slots on a Wing-Fuselage Configuration Having 47-5° Leading-Edge Sweep With and Without Haps. N.A.C.A. R.M. L 50 B 15 (1950).Google Scholar
45Williams, J., Pankhurst, R. C. and Love, E. M. Wind- Tunnel Tests on the N.P.L. 434 Nose-Slot Suction Aerofoil. A.R.C. R. & M. 2876 (1952).Google Scholar
46Gregory, N. and Walker, W. S. Wind-Tunnel Tests on the NACA 63 A 009 Aerofoil with Distributed Suction over the Nose. A.R.C. R. & M. 2900 (1952).Google Scholar
47Holzhauser, C. A. and Bray, R. S. Wind-Tunnel and Hight Investigations of the Use of Leading-Edge Area Suction for the Purpose of Increasing the Maximum Lift Coefficient of a 35° Swept Wing Airplane. N.A.C.A. Rep. 1276 (1952-1956).Google Scholar
48Holzhauser, C. A. and Martin, R. K. The Use of a Leading- Edge Area-Suction Hap to Delay Separation of Airflow from the Leading-Edge of a 35° Sweptback Wing. N.A.C.A. R.M. A 53 J 26 (1953).Google Scholar
49Butler, S. F. J. and Lawford, J. Low-Speed Tunnel Tests of a 30° Sweptback Wing of Aspect-Ratio 5, with Area Suction Through Perforations at the Leading-Edge Hap Knee. Unpublished M.O.A. Report.Google Scholar
50Pankhurst, R. C. and Gregory, N. C. Power Requirements for Distributed Suction for Increasing Maximum Lift. A.R.C. Current Paper 82 (1952). See also Refs. 40, 41 and 42.Google Scholar