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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 July 2016
The history of the Agena space vehicle starts in the years immediately following the Second World War, when the Rand Corporation under a contract with the U.S. Air Force examined the potential applications of satellites, recognising their technical feasibility as an additional bonus from an inter-continental ballistic missile development programme. The U.S. Air Force kept this concept alive throughout the development phase of the ICBM programme; the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation actually received its first contract, for detailed engineering studies, in 1955. The Agena space vehicle has grown from these beginnings and is now the vehicle selected for a large variety of U.S. space projects. Most of these are satellites, but they include a few space probes and moon explorers.