Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:30:15.463Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An integrated fault-tolerant control strategy for control surface failure in a fighter aircraft

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2021

İ. Gümüşboğa Open the ORCID record for İ. Gümüşboğa [Opens in a new window]  and
A. İftar
İ. Gümüşboğa*
Affiliation:
1Department of Avionics, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
A. İftar
Affiliation:
2Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
*
*Corresponding author. Email: ilkaygumusboga@eskisehir.edu.tr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Elevator failure may have fatal consequences for fighter aircraft that are unstable due to their high manoeuvrability requirements. Many studies have been conducted in the literature using active and passive fault-tolerant control structures. However, these studies mostly include sophisticated controllers with high computational load that cannot work in real systems. Considering the multi-functionality and broad operational prospects of fighter aircraft, computational load is very important in terms of applicability. In this study, an integrated fault-tolerant control strategy with low computational load is proposed without sacrificing the ability to cope with failures. This control strategy switches between predetermined controllers in the case of failure. One of these controllers is designed to operate in a non-failure condition. This controller is a basic controller that requires very little computational effort. The other controller operates when an asymmetric elevator failure occurs. This controller is a robust fault-tolerant controller that can fly the aircraft safely in case of elevator failure. The switching is decided by a failure detection system. The proposed integrated fault-tolerant control system is verified by non-linear F-16 flight simulations. These simulations show that the proposed method can cope with failures but requires less computational load because it uses a conventional controller in the case of no failure.

Keywords

Fault-tolerant controlFlight controlFailure detectionFlight simulationExtended Kalman filterAsymmetric elevator failures
Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 126 , Issue 1303 , September 2022 , pp. 1568 - 1592
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal Aeronautical Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Argha, A., Su, S.W., Savkin, A. and Celler, B.C. Novel frameworks for the design of faulttolerant control using optimal slidingmode control, Int. J. Robust Nonlin. Control, 2018, 28, (8), pp 3015–3032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, B., Hu, Q., Ma, G. and Yang, Y. Fault tolerant attitude stabilization incorporating closed-loop control allocation under actuator failure, IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electr. Syst., 2018, 55, (4), pp 1989–2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saied, M., Knaiber, M., Mazeh, H., Shraim, H. and Francis, C. BFA fuzzy logic based control allocation for fault-tolerant control of multirotor UAVs, Aeronaut. J., 2019, 123, (1267), pp 1356–1373.Google Scholar
Ahmed-Zaid, F., Ioannou, P., Gousman, K. and Rooney, R. Accommodation of failures in the F-16 aircraft using adaptive control, IEEE Control Syst. Mag., 1991, 11, (1), pp 73–78.Google Scholar
Bai, L., Gao, Z., Qian, M. and Han, B. Fault tolerant scheme design for the flight control systems using adaptive control allocation technique, Proceedings of the 2018 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2018, Shenyang, China, pp 2247–2251.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. and Jiang, J. Bibliographical review on reconfigurable fault-tolerant control systems, IFAC Proc., 2003, 36, (5), pp 257–268.Google Scholar
Muenchhof, M., Beck, M. and Isermann, R. Fault-tolerant actuators and drives Structures, fault detection principles and applications, Annu. Rev. Control, 2009, 33, (2), pp 136–148.Google Scholar
Goupil, P., Boada-Bauxell, J., Marcos, A., Cortet, E., Kerr, M. and Costa, H. AIRBUS efforts towards advanced real-time fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control, IFAC Proc., 2014, 47, (3), pp 3471–3476.Google Scholar
Kanev, S.K. Robust fault-tolerant control, Doctoral dissertation, University of Twente, 2004.Google Scholar
Rotondo, D. Background on fault tolerant control, in Advances in Gain-Scheduling and Fault Tolerant Control Techniques, Springer, 2018, Cham, pp 129–145.Google Scholar
Saied, M., Lussier, B., Fantoni, I., Shraim, H. and Francis, C. Active versus passive fault-tolerant control of a redundant multirotor UAV, Aeronaut. J., 2020, 124, (1273), pp 385–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, P., Jiang, J. and Yu, C. Fault-tolerant control of hypersonic vehicles based on fast fault observer under actuator gain loss fault or stuck fault, Aeronaut. J., 2020, 124, (1278), pp 1190–1207.Google Scholar
Liu, X., Liang, Y., Pan, Q. and Zhang, H. On robust control of missile control system, Proceedings of the 6th IFAC Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety of Technical Processes, Elsevier, vol. 39, 2006, pp 354–359.Google Scholar
Zang, Q., Ye, S., Li, Y. and Wang, X. An enhanced LMI approach for mixed $H_2/H_\infty$ flight tracking control, Chin. J. Aeronaut., 2010, 24, (3), pp 324–328.Google Scholar
Chadli, M., Aouaouda, S., Karimi, H.R. and Shi, P. Robust fault tolerant tracking controller design for a VTOL aircraft, J. Franklin Inst., 2012, 350, pp 2627–2645.Google Scholar
Vural, S.Y., Dasdemir, J. and Hajiyev, C. Passive fault tolerant lateral controller design for an UAV, IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2018, 51, (30), pp 446–451.Google Scholar
Sobel, K. Eigenstructure assignment for fault tolerant flight control, Tech Rep, NASA Technical Report Server (NTRS), 2002.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. and Jiang, J. Active fault-tolerant control system against partial actuator failures, IEE Proc. Control Theory Appl., 2002, 149, (1), pp 95–104.Google Scholar
Gao, Z., Zhou, Z., Jiang, G., Qian, M. and Lin, J. Active fault tolerant control scheme for satellite attitude systems: Multiple actuator faults case, Int. J. Control Autom. Syst., 2018, 16, (4), pp 1794–1804.Google Scholar
Yu, Y., Wang, H. and Li, N. Fault-tolerant control for over-actuated hypersonic reentry vehicle subject to multiple disturbances and actuator faults, Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 2019, 87, pp 230–243.Google Scholar
Fekih, A. and Chowdhury, F.N. A robust fault tolerant control strategy for a class of nonlinear systems, Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2006.Google Scholar
Jiang, J. and Yu, X. Fault-tolerant control systems: A comparative study between active and passive approaches, Annu. Rev. Control, 2012, 36, (1), pp 60–72.Google Scholar
Gao, Z., Cecati, C. and Ding, S.X. A survey of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant techniques-Part I: Fault diagnosis with model-based and signal-based approaches, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electr., 2015, 62, (6), pp 3757–3767.Google Scholar
Tsourdos, A. Flight Control Systems: Practical Issues in Design and Implementation, The Institution of Electrical Engineers, Cornwall, UK, 2000.Google Scholar
Tewari, A. Advanced Control of Aircraft, Spacecraft and Rockets, John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, UK, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durham, W., Bordignon, K.A. and Beck, R. Aircraft Control Allocation, John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex, UK, 2017.Google Scholar
Norouzi, R., Kosari, A. and Sabour, M.H. Evaluating the effects of lateral control surfaces failure on the generic transport model: A case study, Aeronaut. J., 2020, 124, (1277), pp 1016–1054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ju, H. and Tsai, C. Longitudinal axis flight control law design by adaptive backstepping, IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electr. Syst., 2007, 43, (1), pp 311–329.Google Scholar
Alwi, H. and Edwards, C. Fault tolerant longitudinal aircraft control using non-linear integral sliding mode, IET Control Theory Appl., 2014, 8, (17), pp 1803–1814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, F., Niu, J. and Jiang, G. Nonlinear fault-tolerant control for hypersonic flight vehicle with multi-sensor faults, IEEE Access, 2018, 6, pp 25427–25436.Google Scholar
Stevens, B.L., Lewis, F.L. and Johnson, E.N. Aircraft Control and Simulation: Dynamics, Controls Design, and Autonomous Systems, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hess, J.A., Morelli, E.A. and Murri, D.G. Flight-test techniques for quantifying pitch rate and angle-of-attack rate dependencies, J. Aircr., 2017, 54, (6), pp 2367–2377.Google Scholar
Hess, R.A. and Peng, C. Design for robust aircraft flight control, J. Aircr., 2018, 55, (2), pp 875–886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Etkin, B. and Reid, L.D. Dynamics of Flight: Stability and Control, Wiley, 1996, New York.Google Scholar
Nelson, R.C. Flight Stability and Automatic Control, WCB/McGraw Hill, 1998, New York.Google Scholar
Roskam, J. Airplane Flight Dynamics and Automatic Flight Controls, DARcorporation, Kansas, USA, 1998.Google Scholar
Gümüşboğa, İ.and İftar, A. Fault-tolerant control augmentation system design for asymmetric elevator failures in a combat plane, Kybernetika, 2020, 56, (4), pp 767–793.Google Scholar
Hajiyev, C. and Caliskan, F. Sensor and control surface/actuator failure detection and isolation applied to F-16 flight dynamic, Aircr. Eng. Aerosp. Technol., 2005, 77, pp 152–160.Google Scholar
Adams, R.J., Buffington, J.M., Sparks, A.G. and Banda, S.S. Robust Multivariable Flight Control, Springer Science & Business Media, London, UK, 2012.Google Scholar
Knapp, M., Berger, T., Tischler, M., Cotting, M. and Marcus, A. Development of a full flight envelope F-16 VISTA simulation model from closed-loop flight data, Proceedings of the AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition, Kissimmee, FL, USA, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gümüşboğa, İ.and İftar, A. Aircraft trim analysis by particle swarm optimization, J. Aeronaut. Space Technol., 2019, 12, (2), pp 185–196.Google Scholar
Gümüşboğa, İ.and İftar, A. Modeling of asymmetrical elevator failures in the F-16 aircraft, Proceedings of the AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition, San Diego, CA, USA, 2019.Google Scholar
Huo, Y. Model of F-16 fighter aircraft, Tech Rep, University of Southern California, 2007.Google Scholar
Nguyen, L.T., Ogburn, M.E., Gilbert, W.P., Kibler, K.S., Brown, P.W. and Deal, P.L. Simulation study of stall/post-stall characteristics of a fighter airplane with relaxed static stability, Tech Rep, NASA-TP-1538, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 1979.Google Scholar
Fielding, C. and Flux, P.K. Non-linearities in flight control systems, Aeronaut. J., 2003, 107, (1077), pp 673–686.Google Scholar
Boskovic, J.D. and Raman, K.M. A decentralized fault-tolerant control system for accommodation of failures in higher-order flight control actuators, IEEE Trans. Syst, Control . Technol., 2009, 18, (5), pp 1103–1115.Google Scholar
Zhou, K., Doyle, J.C. and Glover, K. Robust and Optimal Control, Prentice Hall, 1996, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Gümüşboğa, İ.and İftar, A. Failure detection system design for asymmetric elevator failures in the F-16 aircraft, Proceedings of the 2019 International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ISEE), Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, 2019.Google Scholar
Chow, E.Y. A Failure Detection System Design Methodology, Doctoral Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1980.Google Scholar
Chow, E.Y. and Willsky, A. Analytical redundancy and the design of robust failure detection systems, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, 1984, 29, (7), pp 603–614.Google Scholar
Wald, A. Sequential Analysis, Courier Corporation, New York, USA, 1973.Google Scholar
Anderson, B.D.O. and Moore, J.B. Optimal Filtering, Prentice-Hall, 1979, Englewood Cliffs.Google Scholar
Thrun, S., Burgard, W. and Fox, D. Probabilistic Robotics, MIT Press, Massachusetts, USA, 2005.Google Scholar
Ducard, G. and Geering, H.P. Efficient nonlinear actuator fault detection and isolation system for unmanned aerial vehicles, J. Guid. Control Dyn., 2008, 31, (1), pp 225–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S.W. The Scientist and Engineer’s Guide to Digital Signal Processing, Analog Devices, California, USA, 1997.Google Scholar
Zolghadri, A., Henry, D., Cieslak, J., Efimov, D. and Goupil, P. Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control and Guidance for Aerospace Vehicles, Springer, London, UK, 2014.Google Scholar
Morelli, E.A. Global nonlinear parametric modelling with application to F-16 aerodynamics, Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1998.Google Scholar
Hespanha, J.P. and Morse, A.S. Switching between stabilizing controllers, Automatica, 2002, 38, (11), pp 1905–1917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar