Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T17:44:42.732Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Direct CFD prediction of dynamic derivatives for a complete transport aircraft in the dry and heavy rain environment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2017

Z. Wu ,
Y. Cao  and
Y. Yang
Z. Wu*
Affiliation:
School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, National Laboratory of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
Y. Cao
Affiliation:
School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
Y. Yang
Affiliation:
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
*
jackilongwu@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Among various aviation meteorological conditions, heavy rain is an important one that may seriously affect aircraft flight safety. Over the past decades, appreciable efforts have been made to study the impacts of heavy rain on aircraft flight performance. Although there has been a consistent conclusion that heavy rain can cause great static aerodynamic performance degradation, such as lift decrease and drag increase, little has been known on the effects of heavy rain on aircraft dynamic flight performance. This article explores the static and dynamic aerodynamic performance of an approximated model of the DLR-F12 transport aircraft in simulated heavy rain environment. A novel synthesised approach is proposed to study the stability dynamic derivatives in a heavy rain condition. The results suggest that heavy rain not only causes more fuel consumption to compensate the lost lift performance but also induces great dynamic flight performance degradations, especially the short-period mode performance, thus seriously threatens aircraft flight safety.

Keywords

heavy rainaircraftaerodynamic performancedynamic derivative
Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 122 , Issue 1247 , January 2018 , pp. 1 - 20
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Luers, J.K. and Haines, P.A. Heavy rain influence on airplane accidents, J Aircr, 1983, 20, (2), pp 187–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Luers, J.K. and Haines, P.A. The effect of heavy rain on wind shear attributed accidents, AIAA Paper 81–0390, 1981.Google Scholar
3. Cao, Y., Wu, Z. and Xu, Z. Effects of rainfall on aircraft aerodynamics, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2014, 71, pp 85–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Haines, P.A. and Luers, J.K. Aerodynamic penalties of heavy rain on a landing aircraft, NASA CR-156885, 1982.Google Scholar
5. Rhode, R.V. Some effects of rainfall on flight of airplanes and on instrument indications, NASA TN-903, 1941.Google Scholar
6. Hansman, R.J. and Craig, A.P. Low Reynolds number tests of NACA 64–210, NACA 0012, and Wortman FX67-K170 airfoils in rain, J Aircr, 1987, 24, (8), pp 559–566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Valentine, J.R. and Decker, R.A. A Lagrangian-Eulerian scheme for flow around an airfoil in rain, Int J Multiphase Flow, 1995, 21, (4), pp 639–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Valentine, J.R. and Decker, R.A. Tracking of raindrops in flow over an airfoil, J Aircr, 1995, 32, (1), pp 100–105.Google Scholar
9. Wan, T. and Wu, S.W. Aerodynamic analysis under influence of heavy rain, J Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, 2004, 41, (3), pp 173–180.Google Scholar
10. Wan, T. and Pan, S.P. Aerodynamic efficiency study under the influence of heavy rain via two-phase flow approach, 27th International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences, 19-24 September, Nice, France, 2010.Google Scholar
11. Douvi, E.C., Margaris, D.P., Lazaropoulos, S.D. and Svanas, S.G. Experimental and computational study of the effects of different liquid water content on the aerodynamic performance of a NACA 0012 airfoil at low Reynolds number, 5th International Conference on Experiments/Process/System Modeling/Simulation/Optimization, 3–6 July, Athens, 2013.Google Scholar
12. Douvi, E.C., Margaris, D.P., Lazaropoulos, S.D. et al. Low Reynolds number investigation of the flow over a NACA 0012 airfoil at different rainfall rates, Int Review of Mechanical Engineering, 2007, 7, (4), pp 625–632.Google Scholar
13. Ismail, M., Cao, Y., Bakar, A. and Wu, Z. Aerodynamic efficiency study of 2D airfoils and 3D rectangular wing in heavy rain via two-phase flow approach, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: J Aerospace Engineering, 2014, 228, (7), pp 1141–1155.Google Scholar
14. Ismail, M., Cao, Y., Wu, Z. and Sohail, M.A. Numerical study of aerodynamic efficiency of a wing in simulated rain environment, J Aircr, 2014, 51, (6), pp 2015–2023.Google Scholar
15. Wu, Z. and Cao, Y. Numerical simulation of flow over an airfoil in heavy rain via a two-way coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian approach, Int J Multiphase Flow, 2015, 69, pp 81–92.Google Scholar
16. Wu, Z., Cao, Y. and Ismail, M. Heavy rain effects on aircraft longitudinal stability and control determined from numerical simulation data, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: J Aerospace Engineering, 2015, 229, (10), pp 1824–1842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Mialon, B., Khelil, S.B., Huebner, A. et al. European benchmark on numerical prediction of stability and control derivatives, 27th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, 22-25 June, San Antonio, Texas, 2009.Google Scholar
18. Fluent, Inc. FLUENT 6.3 user's guide, Fluent documentation, 2006.Google Scholar
19. Bilanin, A.J. Scaling laws for testing airfoils under heavy rainfall, J Aircr, 1987, 24, (1), pp 31–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Bezos, G.M., Dunham, R.E., Gentry, G.L. and Melson, W.E. Wind tunnel aerodynamic characteristics of a transport-type airfoil in a simulated heavy rain environment, NASA TP-3184, 1992.Google Scholar
21. Markowitz, A.H. Raindrop size distribution expressions, J Applied Meteorology, 1976, 15, (9), pp 1029–1031.Google Scholar
22. Hübner, A., Bergmann, A., Loeser, T. et al. Experimental and numerical investigations of unsteady force and pressure distributions of moving transport aircraft configurations, 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, 5-8 January, Orlando, Florida, 2009.Google Scholar
23. Ghoreyshi, M., Bergeron, K., Lofthouse, A. and Cummings, R.M. CFD calculation of stability and control derivatives for ram-air parachutes, AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference, 4-8 January, San Diego, California, 2016.Google Scholar
24. Landon, R.H. NACA 0012 oscillating and transient pitching. Compendium of Unsteady Aerodynamic Measurements, Data Set 3, AGARD-R-702, 1982.Google Scholar
25. Vassberg, J.C., DeHaan, M.A., Rivers, S.M. and Wahls, R.A. Development of a common research model for applied CFD validation studies, 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, 18-21 August, Honolulu, Hawaii, 2008.Google Scholar
26. Ismail, M., Wu, Z., Bakar, A. and Tariq, S. Aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil cruise landing and high lift configurations in simulated rain environment, J Aerospace Engineering, 2014, 28, (5), 04014131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar