Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T02:37:55.799Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The efficiency of aerial spraying

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2016

J. J. Spillman*
Affiliation:
College of Aeronautics, Cranfield Institute of Technology

Extract

Nobody would deny that a major objective of the peoples of the world is to improve standards of health and hygiene and an essential part of this must be to increase the quantity of food produced. To do this it is essential to use supplementary nutrients and exercise effective pest management. It has been shown that the yields of basic foods, such as rice, can be doubled by using the right seed strains, fertilisers and crop protection techniques. Crop yield losses because of insects alone are estimated at 5% in Europe where insecticides are used widely and as much as 21% in Asia where insecticides are used only in a few of the better organised cultural areas.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1980 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Cramer, H. H. Economic aspects of crop losses caused by insects. Plant protection and world crop production. Pfl Schutz-Nacht Bayer 20: 1524, 1967.Google Scholar
2. Graham-bryce, I. J. Crop protection chemicals: a framework for future development. Med. Fac. Land- bouww. Rijksuniv. Gent 42, 819829, 1977.Google Scholar
3. Graham-bryce, I. J. Crop protection: a consideration of the effectiveness and disadvantages of current methods and of the scope for improvement. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 281. 163179, 1977.Google Scholar
4. Joyce, R. J. V. Biological objectives, Aerial application of pesticides. Course notes, Cranfield, 1979.Google Scholar
5. Joyce, R. J. V. Report of the Desert Locust Survey, 1955-61. EACSO, Nairobi.Google Scholar
6. Watt, J. The importance of observation. Agricultural Aviation, Vol 20, No 1, 3336, January 1979.Google Scholar
7. Himel, C. M. Assessment of insecticide spray processes. Pesticide spray application, behaviour and assessment: workshop proceedings. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, PSW-15, 1976.Google Scholar
8. Spillman, J. J. Optimum droplet sizes for spraying against flying insects. Agricultural Aviation, Vol 17, No 1 to 4, October 1979.Google Scholar
9. Lawson, T. J. Some factors affecting the dispersal of aerial sprays. Paper given at the all-day symposium on Agricultural Aviation, Royal Aeronautical Society, London, February 1979.Google Scholar
10. Bals, E. J. The reasons for controlled droplet application (CDA). Proceedings of the British Crop Protection Council—Weeds—1978.Google Scholar
11. Parkin, C. S. Private communication.Google Scholar
12. Smith, M. R. Aerodynamic improvements for agricultural aircraft. USA. Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 690305, March 1969.Google Scholar
13. Jordan, F. L., McLemore, H. C. and Bragg, M. B. NASA Agricultural Aircraft Research Program in the Langley Vortex Research Facility and the Langley Full Scale Windtunnel. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Paper, 78-1507.Google Scholar
14. Goulter, S. V. A windtunnel investigation of propeller slipstream effects on a twin-engined aircraft. Cranfield Institute of Technology MSc Thesis, 1972.Google Scholar
15. Spillman, J. J. The use of wing-tip sails to reduce vortex drag. The Aeronautical Journal of the RAeS, September 1978.Google Scholar
16. Spillman, J. J., Ratcliffe, H. Y. and McVitie, A. Flight experiments to evaluate the effect of wing-tip sails on fuel consumption and handling characteristics. The Aeronautical Journal of the RAeS, September 1979.Google Scholar
17. Parkin, C. S. and Spillman, J. J. The use of wing-tip sails on a spraying aircraft to reduce the amount of material carried off-target by a cross-wind. To be published in the Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, Vol 25, No 1, March 1980.Google Scholar
18. Spillman, J. J. and Joyce, R. J. V. Low volume and ultra-low volume spray trials from aircraft over Thetford Forest. Chapter 4 of Control of Pine Beauty Moth by Fenitrothion in Scotland 1978. UK Forestry Commission Report. Editors: Holden, A. W. and Bevan, D..Google Scholar
19. Barry, J. W. Problems associated with maintaining consistent swaths when spraying forests with helicopters. Agricultural Aviation, 18-3, July 1977.Google Scholar