Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T03:23:46.016Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Investigations of synthetic jet control effects on helicopter rotor in forward flight based on the CFD method

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2018

Q.-J. Zhao ,
X. Chen ,
Y.-Yang Ma  and
G.-Q. Zhao
Q.-J. Zhao*
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Rotorcraft Aeromechanics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
X. Chen
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Rotorcraft Aeromechanics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
Y.-Yang Ma
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Rotorcraft Aeromechanics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
G.-Q. Zhao
Affiliation:
General and Aerodynamic Institute, the First Aircraft Institute of AVIC, Xi'an, China
*
zhaoqijun@nuaa.edu.cn
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

To investigate the control effect of the synthetic jet on the aerodynamic characteristic of rotors, a numerical simulation procedure for the rotor flowfield is established. First, a moving-embedded grid method and an unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) solver are established for predicting the complex flowfield of rotors. A velocity jet boundary condition over the jet actuator orifice is constructed, and a numerical method for simulating the active flow control on rotors is developed. Then, the effectiveness of the simulation method is validated by comparing the numerical results of jet control on NACA 0015 aerofoil with the experimental data. At last, the aerodynamic characteristic of rotors with synthetic jet actuators located on the suction surface of the blade in forward flight is calculated. The results indicate that the synthetic jet has the capability of improving the aerodynamic characteristic of rotors, especially in inhibiting the flow separation over the surface. In addition, the increase of the jet momentum coefficient and the jet angle can both enhance the lift coefficient in the retreating side. Compared with a single jet, jet arrays have better control effects on improving the aerodynamic characteristic of rotors in forward flight.

Keywords

Rotorsynthetic jetaerodynamic characteristicforward flighthelicopterCFD method
Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 122 , Issue 1253 , July 2018 , pp. 1102 - 1122
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Leishman, J.G. Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics, Cambridge University Press, 2000, New York, US, Chapter 8.Google Scholar
2.Yu, Y.H., Lee, S., McAlister, K.W., Tung, C. and Wang, C.M. Dynamic stall control for advanced rotorcraft application, AIAA J, 1995, 33, (2), pp 289–295.Google Scholar
3.Liipfert, E., Pottler, K. and Ulmer, S. Parabolic trough optical performance analysis techniques, J Sol Energ-T ASME, 2007, 147, (2), pp 147–152.Google Scholar
4.Ma, X.Y., Guo, H.T. and Fan, Z.L. Investigating of simulation methods for synthetic jet, Procedia Engineering, 2012, 31, pp 416–421.Google Scholar
5.Xia, Q.F. and Zhong, S. Enhancement of laminar flow mixing using a pair of staggered lateral synthetic jets, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2014, 207, pp 75–83.Google Scholar
6.Nagib, H., Greenblatt, D. and Kiedaisch, J. Effective flow control for rotorcraft applications at flight Mach number, 31st AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit, 11–14 June 2001, Anaheim, California, US.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Woo, G.T., Crittenden, T. and Glezer, A. Transitory control of dynamic stall over a stalled airfoil, 39th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, 22–25 June 2009, San Antonio, Texas, US.Google Scholar
8.Smith, B.L. and Glezer, A. The formation and evolution of synthetic jets, Physics of Fluids, 1998, 10, (9), pp 2281–2297.Google Scholar
9.Durrani, D. and Haider, B.A. Study of stall delay over a generic airfoil using synthetic jet actuator, 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, 4–7 January 2011, Orlando, Florida, US. AIAA No 2011-943, 2011. doi:10.2514/6.2011-943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Sandra, U. Experimental analysis and analytical modeling of synthetic jet cross flow interactions, Dissertation, University of Maryland, 2007.Google Scholar
11.Hassan, A.A. Oscillatory and pulsed jets for improved airfoil aerodynamics- a numerical simulation, 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 5–8 January 2004, Reno, Nevada, US. doi:10.2514/6.2004-227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Seifert, A., Darabi, A. and Wygnanski, I. Delay of airfoil stall by periodic excitation, AIAA J, 1999, 33, (4), pp 691–707.Google Scholar
13.Gilarranz, J.L., Traub, L.W. and Rediniotis, O.K. Characterization of a compact, high-power synthetic jet actuator for flow separation control, 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, 14–17 January 2002, Reno, Nevada, US. AIAA No. 2002-127, 2002. doi:10.2514/6.2002-127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Zhang, P.F., Yan, B. and Dai, C.F. Lift enhancement method by synthetic jet circulation control, Science China Technological Sciences, 2012, 55, (9), pp 2585–2592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Monir, E.H., Tadjfar, M. and Bakhtian, A. Tangential synthetic jets for separation control, J Fluids and Structures, 2014, 45, pp 50–65.Google Scholar
16.Kral, L.D., Donovan, J.F. and Cain, A.B. Numerical simulation of synthetic jet actuators, 4th Shear Flow Control Conference, 29 June–2 July 1997, Snowmass village, Colorado, US. AIAA No. 1997-1824, 1997. doi:10.2514/6.1997-1824.Google Scholar
17.Lorber, P., McCormick, D. and Anderson, B.W. Rotorcraft retreating blade stall control, Fluids 2000 Conference and Exhibit, 19–22 June 2000, Denver, Colorado, US. AIAA No. 2000-2475, 2000. doi:10.2514/6.2000-2475.Google Scholar
18.Hassan, A.A., Straub, F.K. and Charles, B.D. Effects of surface blowing/suction on the aerodynamics of helicopter rotor blade-vortex interactions (BVI)- a numerical simulation, Proceedings of 52nd Annual Forum of AHS, 4–6 June 1996, Washington, DC, US.Google Scholar
19.Dindar, M., Jansen, K. and Hassan, A.A. Effect of transpiration flow control on hovering rotor blades, 17th Applied Aerodynamics Conference, 28 June–1 July 1999, Norfolk, Virginia, US. AIAA No. 1999-3192, 1999. doi:10.2514/6.1999-3192.Google Scholar
20.Cain, A.B., Kral, L.D., Donovan, J.F. and Smith, T.D. Numerical simulation of compressible synthetic jet flows, 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 12–15 January 1998, Reno, Nevada, US. doi:10.2514/6.1998-84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Zhao, Q.J., Zhao, G.Q., Wang, B., Wang, Q., Shi, Y.J. and Xu, G.H. Robust Navier-Stokes method for predicting unsteady flowfield and aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter rotor, Chinese J Aeronautics, 2018, 31, (2), pp 214–224.Google Scholar
22.Sharov, D. and Nakahashi, K. Low speed preconditioning and LU-SGS scheme for 3D viscous flow computations on unstructured grids, 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 12–15 January 1998, Reno, Nevada, US. AIAA No. 1998-0614, 1998. doi:10.2514/6.1998-614.Google Scholar
23.Edwards, J.R., Franklin, R.K. and Liou, M.S. Low-diffusion flux-splitting methods for real fluid flows with phase transitions, AIAA J, 2000, 38, (9), pp 1624–1633.Google Scholar
24.Menter, F.R. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications, AIAA J, 1994, 32, (8), pp 1598–1605.Google Scholar
25.Wang, B., Zhao, Q.J. and Xu, G.H. A new moving-embedded grid method for numerical simulation of unsteady flowfield of the helicopter rotor in forward flight, Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2012, 30, (1), pp 14–21. ( in Chinese)Google Scholar
26.Donovan, J.F., Kral, L.D. and Cary, A.W. Active flow control applied to an airfoil, 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 12–15 January 1998, Reno, Nevada, US. AIAA No. 1998-16119, 1998. doi:10.2514/6.1998-210.Google Scholar
27.Caradonna, T.X., Laub, G.H. and Tung, C. An experimental investigation of the parallel blade-vortex interactions, Netherlands Association of Aeronautical Engineers and Technische Hogeschool te Delft, 10th European Rotorcraft Forum, 28–31 August, 1984, The Hague, Netherlands. NASA No. TM 86005, 1984.Google Scholar
28.Sheffer, S.G., Alonso, J.J., Martinelli, L. and Jameson, A. Time-accurate simulation of helicopter rotor flows including aeroelastic effects, 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 6–9 January 1997, Reno, Nevada, US. AIAA No. 1997-0399, 1997. doi:10.2514/6.1997-399.Google Scholar