Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T05:04:17.364Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Modelling of impact damage zones in composite laminates for strength after impact

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2016

R. Olsson
R. Olsson*
Affiliation:
Swerea SICOMP AB, Mölndal, Sweden
*
robin.olsson@swerea.se
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper reviews findings on the type, morphology and constitutive behaviour of impact damage zones during loading after impact and their effect on the laminate strength and stability. The paper is limited to tape prepreg based monolithic laminates, although some similarities exist with impact damage in textile based laminates. Damage zones have a complex geometry with several damage types, which results in an interaction and competition between different failure mechanisms, e.g. local and global buckling, compressive failure, and delamination growth. Hence, simplified damage models may provide incorrect predictions of the failure load and failure mechanisms after impact. The constitutive behaviour of damage zones has been studied experimentally in tension and compression using an inverse method, and the results have been compared with detailed FE models of a generic impact damage. The paper is concluded with a discussion on analytical and computational models to predict the resulting strength of impacted laminates.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 116 , Issue 1186 , December 2012 , pp. 1349 - 1365
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2012 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Abrate, S. Impact on laminated composite materials, Appl Mechs Rev, 1991, 44, (4), pp 155–190.Google Scholar
2. Abrate, S. Impact on laminated composites: Recent advances, Appl Mechs Rev, 1994, 47, (11), pp 517–554.Google Scholar
3. Davies, G.A.O. and Olsson, R. Impact on composite structures, Aeronaut J, 2004, 108, (1089), pp 541–563.Google Scholar
4. Olsson, R. Low and Medium Velocity Impact as a Cause of Failure in Polymer Matrix Composites. in Failure Mechanisms in Polymer Matrix Composites, Robinson, P., Greenhalgh, E. and Pinho, S. (Eds) ISBN 1 84569 750 2. Woodhead, Cambridge, UK, 2012, pp 53–78.Google Scholar
5. Bull, D., Helfen, L. Sinclair, I. and Spearing, S.M. Multi-scale 3D imaging of carbon fibre laminate impact and compression after impact damage using computed tomography laminography. 15th European Conference on Composite Materials, Venice, Italy, 2012.Google Scholar
6. Liu, D. Impact-induced delamination –a view of bending stiffness mismatching, J Compos Mater, 1988, 22, (7), pp 674–692.Google Scholar
7. Suemasu, H. and Majima, O. Multiple delaminations and their severity in nonlinear circular plates subjected to concentrated loading, J Compos Matls, 1998, 32, (2), pp 123–140.Google Scholar
8. Hull, D. and Shi, Y.B. Damage mechanism characterisation in composite damage tolerance investigations, Compos Struct, 1993, 23, (2), pp 99–120.Google Scholar
9. Menéndez Álvarez, E. Characterization of impact damage in composite laminates. FFA TN 1998-24. The Aeron Res Inst of Sweden, Bromma, Sweden, 1998.Google Scholar
10. Sjögren, A., Krasnikovs, Y. and Varna, J. Experimental determination of elastic properties of impact damage in carbon fibre/epoxy laminates, Composites Part A, 2001, 32, (9), pp 1237–1242.Google Scholar
11. Chen, V.L., Wu, H-Y.T. and Yeh, H-Y. A parametric study of residual strength and stiffness for impact damaged composites, Compos Struct, 1993, 25, (1-4), pp 267–275.Google Scholar
12. Sztefek, P. Inverse Method for Stiffness Determination of Impact Damage in Composites. PhD Thesis. Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College, London, UK, 2009.Google Scholar
13. Olsson, R. A review of impact experiments at FFA during 1986 to 1998. FFA TN 1999-08. The Aeron Res Inst of Sweden, Bromma, Sweden, 1999.Google Scholar
14. Grahn, T. Effects of geometrical imperfections on postbuckling behaviour of delaminated composites. FOI-R-0791-SE. Swedish Defence Res Agency (FOI), Stockholm, Sweden, 2003.Google Scholar
15. Greenhalgh, E., Meeks, C., Clarke, A. and Thatcher, J. The effects of defects on the performance of post-buckled CFRP stringer-stiffened panels, Compos Part A, 2003, 34, (7), pp 623–633.Google Scholar
16. Wiggenraad, J.F.M., Greenhalgh, E.S. and Olsson, R. Design and analysis of stiffened composite panels for damage resistance and tolerance. Paper 81208. Fifth World Congr Comput Mech, Vienna, Aurtia, 2002.Google Scholar
17. Asp, L.E. and Nilsson, K-F. Delamination criticality in slender compression-loaded composite panels, Key Engineering Materials, 2002, (221-222), pp 3–16.Google Scholar
18. Asp, L.E., Nilsson, S. and Singh, S. An experimental investigation of the influence of delamination growth on the residual strength of impacted laminates, Composites Part A, 2001, 32, (9), pp 1229–1235.Google Scholar
19. Nilsson, S. Compression tests on impacted rectangular laminates with various lay-ups. FFA TN 2000-02. The Aeron Res Inst of Sweden, Bromma, Sweden, 2000.Google Scholar
20. Sztefek, P. and Olsson, R. Nonlinear compressive stiffness in impacted composite laminates determined by an inverse method, Compos Part A, 2009, 40, (3), pp 260–272.Google Scholar
21. Elber, W. Failure mechanics in low-velocity impacts on thin composite plates, NASA TP-2152, NASA, Hampton, VA, USA, 1983.Google Scholar
22. Kim, J-H., Pierron, F. and Wisnom, M.R. and Syed-Muhamad, K. Identification of the local stiffness reduction of a damaged composite plate using the virtual fields method, Compos Part A, 2007, 38, (9), pp 2065–75.Google Scholar
23. Sztefek, P. and Olsson, R. Tensile stiffness distribution in impacted composite laminates determined by an inverse method, Compos Part A, 2008, 39, (8), pp 1282–1293.Google Scholar
24. Craven, R., Sztefek, P. and Olsson, R. Investigation of impact damage in multi-directional tape laminates and its effect on local tensile stiffness. Compos Sci Technol, 2008, 68, (12), pp 2518–2525.Google Scholar
25. Olsson, R., Iwarsson, J., Melin, L.G., SJögren, A. and Solti, J. Experiments and analysis of laminates with artificial damage, Compos Sci Techn, 2003, 63, (2), pp 199–209.Google Scholar
26. Melin, L.G., Schön, J. and Nyman, T. Fatigue testing and buckling characteristics of impacted composite specimens, Int J Fatigue, 2002, 24, (2-4), pp 263–272.Google Scholar
27. Soutis, C. and Curtis, P.T. Prediction of the post-impact compressive strength of CFRP laminated composites, Compos Sci Techn, 1996, 56, (6), pp 677–684.Google Scholar
28. Xiong, Y., Poon, C., Straznicky, P.V. and Vietinghoff, H. A prediction method for the compressive strength of impact damaged composite laminates. Compos Struct, 1995, 30, (4), pp 357–367.Google Scholar
29. Berbinau, P., Filiou, C. and Soutis, C. Stress and failure analysis of composite laminates with an inclusion under multi-axial compression-tension loading, Appl Compos Mater, 2001, 8, (5), pp 307–326.Google Scholar
30. Dost, E.F., Ilcewicz, L.B. and Gosse, J.H. Sublaminate stability based modeling of impact-damaged composite laminates. Proc 3rd Technical Conf Am Soc Composites, Seattle, USA, 1988, pp 354–363.Google Scholar
31. Nyman, T., Bredberg, A. and Schön, J. Equivalent damage and residual strength for impact damaged composite structures, J Reinf Plast Compos, 2000, 19, (6), pp 428–48.Google Scholar
32. Faggiani, A. and Falzon, B.G. Predicting low-velocity impact damage on a stiffened composite panel, Composites Part A, 2010, 41, (6), pp 737–79.Google Scholar
33. Craven, R., Pindoria, S. and Olsson, R. Finite element study of compressively loaded fibres fractured during impact. Compos Sci Technol, 2009, 69, (5), pp 586–593.Google Scholar
34. Craven, R., Iannucci, L. and Olsson, R. Delamination buckling: A finite element study with realistic delamination shapes, multiple delaminations and fibre fracture cracks, Composites Part A, 2010, 41, (5), pp 684–692.Google Scholar
35. Craven, R, Iannucci, L and Olsson, R. Homogenised non-linear soft inclusion for simulation of impact damage in composite structures. Compos Struct, 2011, 93, (2), pp 952–960.Google Scholar
36. Obdržálek, V and Vrbka, J. On the applicability of simple shapes of delamination buckling analyses, Compos Part B, 2011, 42, (3), pp 538–545.Google Scholar
37. Apruzzese, P., Falzon, B.G. and Olsson, R. Modelling the postbuckling behaviour of impacted composite structures. Paper F7, pp 11. 17th Int Conf on Composite Materials. Edinburgh, Scotland, 2009.Google Scholar
38. Olsson, R. Simplified model for large mass impact and delamination onset in curved laminates. Paper 0545. Proc 13th European Conf on Composite Materials, Stockholm, Sweden, 2008.Google Scholar
39. Giugno, D. Effect of geometry and boundary conditions on impact response and damage in composite plates. FFA TN 1998-17. 1998, The Aeron Res Inst of Sweden, Bromma, Sweden.Google Scholar
40. Olsson, R. Methodology for predicting the residual strength of impacted sandwich panels, FFA TN 1997-09. 1998, The Aeron Res Inst of Sweden, Bromma.Google Scholar