Propelling Nozzle Research

Summary

The current interest in supersonic transport aircraft makes it appropriate to consider the problems of propulsion nozzle systems for high speed flight. The discussion will be confined mainly to this field of activity.

In the absence of external drag and weight factors, the ideal configuration to maintain optimum thrust at all flight speeds would employ a mechanically variable area ratio nozzle. By such means the jet flow could be fully and properly expanded at all times.

A practical design to accommodate such variations is inherently complex, and so an alternative solution using aerodynamic techniques has been sought. It is necessary to remember that the success of whatever method is eventually chosen must rest on its ability to combine a high performance at cruise with very small loss during other critical phases of the flight plan.

This paper describes some of the results of a nozzle research programme aimed primarily at solving the above problem, with an attempt to explain the philosophy behind the aerodynamic techniques tried. Some discussion is given of the experimental difficulties in establishing a sufficiently accurate standard of measurement for design point performance. In a few chosen configurations experimental results have been extensively backed by theoretical studies.

The need to demonstrate off-design behaviour in the presence of an external flow field is stressed, with special reference to the misleading results often obtained from static tests.

Finally, some attention is given to the question of base bleed, with its repercussions on the installation of the propulsion nozzle in an aircraft.