Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T08:19:42.215Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Small satellites and electric propulsion - a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2016

Ralph Lorenz*
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Southampton

Abstract

In recent years, interest has grown in the use of small satellites for a variety of applications. In certain missions, where propulsion systems are necessary, electric propulsion technology can offer advantages. Small satellite technology and applications are reviewed and some of the features of various types of electric propulsion are discussed: missions where small satellites might use electric propulsion are described.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1991 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

The author is now with the Huygens Project Division, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

References

References

1. Ward, A. K. et al. The AMPTE UKS spacecraft, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, May 1985, Vol. GE-23, No. 3, p 202.Google Scholar
2. Ryden, K. A. et al. The Space Technology Research Vehicle (STRV1) mission, Proceedings of the Royal Aeronautical Society Small Satellites Conference, 24 January 1991.Google Scholar
3. Fleeter, R. Propulsion system for a get-away-special launched satellite - Pacsat, AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference, Huntsville Al., June 16-18 1986. AIAA 86-1693.Google Scholar
4. Lorenz, R. UoGAS - a get away special satellite with orbit- raising capability; Proceedings of the 2nd AIAA/USU Confer ence on Small Satellites, Utah State University, September 1988.Google Scholar
5. Daniels, R. L. The propulsion systems of the Phase-III satellites; AMSAT-NA Tech J, Winter 1987-1988, 1, No. (2), p9.Google Scholar
6. Meinzer, K. Der Niederdruckplasmamotor als Triebwerk fur AMSAT-Satelliten, 25 April 1984 (unpublished).Google Scholar
7. SERC. T-SAT - concluding report on the technology satellite design study, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory RAL-88-033.Google Scholar
8. Martin, A. R., Bond, A. and Lavender, K. Plans for an in-orbit test of a UK rare gas ion thruster; J Brit Interplanetary Soc, April/May 1988, 23, pp 193198.Google Scholar
9. Danchik, R. J. Navy Navigational Satellite system status; IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium, Orlando, Fla. Nov. 29-Dec. 2, 1988, p 21.Google Scholar
10. Ebert, W. L., Kowal, J. and Sloan, R. F. Operational Nova spacecraft teflon pulsed plasma thruster system; AIAA/ASME/ SAE/ASEE 25th Joint Propulsion Conference, Mounterey, Ca., July 10-12, 1989. AIAA-89-2497.Google Scholar
11. Watson, S. D.,Hurford, P., Preest, A. A. and Pearce, A.J. An electrically propelled upper stage for the launch of small satellites; Presented at the 41st International Astronautical Federation Congress, Dresden, Germany, October 6-12, 1990. IAF-90-056.Google Scholar
12. Valentian, D., Bartoli, C., Bugeat, J. and Rohden, H van. Field emission electric propulsion (FEEP) attitude control capabilities; IEPC-88-022 DGLR/AIAA/JSASS 20th International Electric Propulsion Conference, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, October 3-6, 1988.Google Scholar
13. Nock, K. T. et al. Lunar get away special (GAS) spacecraft; 19th AIAA/DGLR/JSASS International Electric Propulsion Conference, Colorado Springs, May 11-13, 1987. AIAA-87-1051.Google Scholar
14. Ryden, K. A., Herrington, P. G. and Wallace, N. C. A case study of a mission to the Kordylewski Clouds using ion propulsion; DGLR/AIAA/JSASS 20th International Electric Propulsion Conference, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, October 3-6, 1988. IEPC-88-068.Google Scholar
15. Lorenz, R., A Design Study of an Electrically-Propelled Asteriod Rendezvous Probe Launched as a Secondary Payload B.Eng. Honours Project Report, University of Southampton, May 1990.Google Scholar
16. Lorenz, R. Remote asteroid surface analysis using exhaust from an ion thruster; 41st International Astronautical Federation Congress, Dresden, Germany, October 6-12, 1990. IAF- 90-312.Google Scholar
17. Daniel, W. K. and Gordon, V. C. Small Satellite Design for Inner Solar System Exploration; Proceedings of the 3rd AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, Utah State University, September 1989.Google Scholar
18. Pietrass, A. E. Trajectory design for an ion drive asteroids rendezvous mission launched into an Ariane geostationary transfer orbit; AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, August 20-22 1984, Seattle, Wa. AIAA-84-2058.Google Scholar
19. Holdaway, R. Results of the early orbit manoeuvres of the AMPTE-UKS; Acta Astronautica, 1985, 12, (10) pp 803808.Google Scholar
20. Fearn, D. G., Martin, A. R. and Smith, P. Ion propulsion research and development in the UK; IAF-89-274 presented at the 40th Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, Malaga, Spain, October 7-13, 1989.Google Scholar
21. Yoshida, H. et al. Investigation on a primary xenon ion thruster; IAF-90-229 presented at the 41st Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, Dresden, Germany, October 6-12, 1990.Google Scholar
22. Groh, K., Dillman, A., Loeb, H. and Weber, F. Auxiliary propulsion RF-engine RIT-15 - prototype design and performance; IEPC-88-034, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1988.Google Scholar
23. Akai, K. et al. Electrothermal hydrazine thruster and heater control unit; IAF-90-226, Dresden, 1990.Google Scholar
24. Ferguson, H. and Sovey, J. Performance tests of a 1/2 millipound (2.2 mN) ammonia resistojet thruster system; NASA Technical Note TN-D 4249, 1967.Google Scholar
25. Morren, W. and Stone, J. Development of a liquid-fed water resistojet; NASA Technical Memorandum 100927, 1987 (also AIAA 88-3288, presented at the 24th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, Boston, July 11-13,1988).Google Scholar
26. Rosen, S. Colloid and pulsed plasma thrusters for spacecraft propulsion; AIAA-73-1254, AIAA/SAE 9th propulsion Conference, Las Vegas, November 5-7, 1973.Google Scholar
27. Fearn, D. G. Electric propulsion for spacecraft; J Brit Interplanetary Soc, 1982, 35, pp 156166.Google Scholar
28. Yoshikawa, T. et al. Operating characteristics of a 1 kW hydrazine arcjet thruster; IEPC-88-108, Garmisch- Partenkirchen, 1988.Google Scholar
29. Deininger, W. and Vondra, R. Arcjet Propulsion System for an SP-100 flight Experiment, J Spacecraft Rockets, Nov-Dec 1988, 25,(6), pp 427.Google Scholar
More general references to small satellites and electric propulsion are described below.Google Scholar
Electric Propulsion: most standard texts on rocketry and space propulsion cover electric systems to one extent or another. A useful survey paper is Ref. 27 above.Google Scholar
Proceedings of the annual AIAA/JSASS/DGLR International Electric Propulsion Conferences (IEPC) cover in depth the latest developments.Google Scholar
The fast-moving nature of the small satellite business means there are frequent new projects and ideas. The standard aerospace press covers these. Essential reading is the Proceedings of the Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, held at Utah State University in Logan, Utah, USA each summer. The 1990 conference had over 50 papers.Google Scholar
More recently the RAeS held a one-day conference in January 1991 at the Culham Laboratory. The papers in the proceedings (ISBN 090340981X) summarise current developments, and UK activity in particular.Google Scholar
An excellent reference on microsatellite engineering, detailing all the aspects of the design, construction and operation of the UoSAT-2 spacecraft is the Journal of the Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers, Volume 57, No. 5 (Supplement), September/October 1987.Google Scholar
Another useful reference is the Proceedings of the ESA Workshop on Flight Opportunities for Small Payloads, held in Frascati in January 1989. The proceedings are published as ESA SP-298.Google Scholar