Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:23:09.945Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Continuity and change in the Gwembe Tonga family and their relevance to demography's nucleation thesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Neil Price  and
Neil Thomas
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Résumé

Des critiques récentes de la théorie et de la méthodologie démographiques ont indiqué, entre autres choses, la nécessité de prendre en compte les progrès réalisés dans des disciplines apparentées. Cette étude de cas consacrée à la société Tonga de l a vallée du Gwembe en Zambie souligne la contribution méthodologique importante que l'anthropologie sociale peut apporter à la sous-discipline de la démographie de la famille. Elle atteste le manque de validite empirique du paradigme de “nucléation de a l famille” qui soutient qu'une évolution vers le mariage conjugal et des modèles de résidence de foyer nucléaire est une conséquence inévitable de la mondialisation et un signe avant-coureur des changements sociaux et économiques nécessaires à la transition de la fécondité. Selon la théorie de la nucleátion, les preuves d'une conjugalité accrue se refléteront dans l'importance symbolique amoindrie du lignage et des ancêtres, une plus grande stabilité du mariage, la disparition de la polygynie et la transmission du patrimoine aux veuves, la diminution du montant et de l'importance de la dot, l'augmentation de l'âge du premier mariage chez les femmes et la diminution de l'écart d'âge entre les époux. L'étude de cas se concentre done sur les changements récents observés dans le système de parenté matrilinéaire, notamment l'émergence de lignages localisés, et la mesure dans laquelle ces changements reflètent la nucléation de la famille (principalement mais non exclusivement en termes de conjugalité accrue). Par l'analyse de la structure des foyers et des modèles de résidence conjugale, y compris du rôle de l'époux ou du père dans les affaires de la famille, de la nuptialité (notamment la dot, le divorce et la polygynie), des successions et du role des ancêtres, l'étude de cas démontre que l'on peut mettre en parallèle les changements survenus dans la structure de la famille et de la parenté à la suite d'une transformation locale sociale et économique et non pas la nucléarisation, mais l'émergence d'une forme modifiée de la famille et de la parenté, tout à fait distincte de la famille nucléaire en termes de structure et de signification.

Type
Past paradigms, present data
Information
Africa , Volume 69 , Issue 4 , October 1999 , pp. 510 - 534
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Al-Haj, M. 1995. ‘Kinship and modernization in developing societies: the emergence of instrumental kinship’, Journal of Comparative Family Studies 26 (3), 311–28.Google Scholar
Bawa Yamba, C. 1997. ‘Cosmologies in turmoil: witching and Aids in Chiawa, Zambia’, Africa 67 (2), 200–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernard, F., Mogeny, J. and Smith, K. 1986. ‘Introduction: kinship and development’, Journal of Comparative Family Studies 17 (2), 151–60.Google Scholar
Berquo, E. and Xenos, P. 1992a. ‘Editor's introduction’, in Berquo, E. and Xenox, P. (eds), Family Systems and Cultural Change, pp. 8–12. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Berquo, E. and Xenos, P. 1992b. Family Systems and Cultural Change. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Blanc, A. and Poukouta, P. 1997. Components of Unexpected Fertility Decline in sub-Saharan Africa. Demographic and Health Surveys Analytical Reports 5, Calverton MD: Macro International.Google Scholar
Bongaarts, J., Burch, T. and Wachter, K. (eds). 1987. Family Demography: methods and their application. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Cain, M. 1982. ‘Perspectives on family and fertility in developing countries’, Population Studies 36 (2), 159–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caldwell, J. C. 1976. ‘Toward a restatement of demographic transition theory’, Population and Development Review 2 (3/4), 321–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caldwell, J. C. 1982. Theory of Fertility Decline. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Caldwell, J. C. and Caldwell, P. 1992. ‘Family systems: their viability and vulnerability’, in Berquo, E. and Xenos, P. (eds), Family Systems and Cultural Change, pp. 46–69. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Caldwell, J. C., Orubuloye, I. and Caldwell, P. 1992. ‘Fertility decline in Africa: a new type of transition?’ Population and Development Review 18 (2), 211–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheater, A. P. 1989. Social Anthropology: an alternative introduction. London: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
Clark, S., Colson, E., Lee, J. and Scudder, T. 1995. ‘Ten thousand Tonga: a longitudinal study from southern Zambia, 1956-91’, Population Studies 49 (1), 91–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cleland, J. and Wilson, C. 1987. ‘Demand theories of the fertility transition: an iconoclastic view’, Population Studies 41 (1), 5–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colson, E. 1960. Social Organisation of the Gwembe Tonga. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Colson, E. 1971. The Social Consequences of Resettlement: the impact of the Kariba resettlement upon the Gwembe Tonga, Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Colson, E. 1980. ‘The resilience of matrilineality: Gwembe and Plateau Tonga adaptations’, in Cordell, L. S. and Beckerman, S. (eds), The Versatility of Kinship, pp. 359–74. London: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cordell, L. S. and Beckerman, S. (eds). 1980b. The Versatility of Kinship. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Crow, G. 1997. Comparative Sociology and Social Theory: beyond the Third World. London: Macmillan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foote, K. A., Hill, K. H. and Martin, L. (eds). 1993. Demographic Change in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Fortes, M. 1949. ‘Time and social structure: an Ashanti case study’, in Fortes, M. (ed.), Social Structure: studies presented to Radcliffe-Brown A. R. pp. 54–84. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Foster, G. M., Scudder, T., Colson, E. and Kemper, R. (eds). 1979. Long-term Field Research in Social Anthropology. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Frank, O. 1988. ‘The Childbearing Family in sub-Saharan Africa: structure, fertility and the future’. Paper prepared for the joint Population Council/Icrw seminar series on female headed households, October.Google Scholar
Fricke, T. 1997. ‘Culture theory and demographic process: toward a thicker demography’, Kertzer, M. D. and Fricke, T. (eds), Anthropological Demography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Goldscheider, C. 1987. ‘Migration and social structure: analytic issues and comparative perspectives in developing nations’, Sociological Forum 1 (4), 674–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goode, W. J. 1964. The Family, Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Goode, W. J. 1970. World Revolution and Family Patterns, second edition. (First edition 1963.) New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Goody, J. 1973. ‘Bridewealth and dowry in Africa and Eurasia’, in Goody, J. and Tambiah, S. J. (eds), Bridewealth and Dowry, pp. 1–58. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gould, W. T. S., and Brown, M. 1996. ‘A fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa?’ International Journal of Population Geography 2 (1), 1–22.3.0.CO;2-#>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenhalgh, S. 1990. ‘Toward a political economy of fertility: anthropological contributions’, Population and Development Review 16 (1), 85–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenhalgh, S. 1994. Anthropological Contributions to Fertility theory. Population Council Research Division Working Papers 64, New York: Population Council.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, S. 1995. ‘Anthropology theorizes reproduction: integrating practice, political economic, and feminist perspectives’, in Greenhalgh, S. (ed.), Situating Fertility: anthropology and demographic enquiry, pp. 3–28. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, D. 1988. The Sociology of Modernisation and Development. London: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
Hohn, C. 1992. ‘The Iussp programme in family demography’, in Berquo, E. and Xenos, P. (eds), Systems and Cultural Change, pp. 3–7. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Keller, B. 1979. ‘Marriage by elopement’, African Social Research 27, 565–85.Google Scholar
Kelley, A. C. and Nobbe, C. 1990. Kenya at the Demographic Turning Point? World Bank Discussion Papers 107, Washington DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Kerr, C. 1960. Industrialism and Industrial Man: the problem of labour and management in economic growth. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kertzer, D. 1995. ‘Political-economic and cultural explanations of demographic behavior’, in Greenhalgh, S. (ed.), Situating fertility, pp. 29–53. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kertzer, D. and Fricke, T. 1997. ‘Toward an anthropological demography’, in Kertzer, D. and Fricke, T. (eds), Anthropological Demography, pp. 1–35. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kertzer, D. and Fricke, T. (eds). 1997. Anthropological Demography: toward a new synthesis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Le Bras, H. 1979. Child and Family: demographic developments in the OECD countries. Paris: Oecd.Google Scholar
Lesthaeghe, R. 1989. ‘Introduction’, in Lesthaeghe, R. (ed.), Reproduction and Social Organisation in sub-Saharan Africa, pp. 1–12. Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marindo-Ranganai, R. 1995. ‘The population dynamics of the Tembomvura people of the Zambezi valley, northern Zimbabwe: some methods of collecting and analysing birth history data’, Zambezia 22 (2), 177–95.Google Scholar
McNicoll, G. 1992. ‘The agenda of population studies: a commentary and complaint’, Population and Development Review 18 (3), 399–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Njogu, W. 1991. ‘Contraceptive use in Kenya: trends and determinants’, Demography 28 (1), 83–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oliveira, M. C. F. A. de. 1992. ‘Family change and family process: implications for research in developing countries’, in Berquo, E. and Xenos, P. (eds), Family Systems and Cultural Change, pp. 201–14. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Price, N. L. 1988. Behind the Planter's Back: lower-class responses to marginality in Bequia island, St Vincent. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Price, N. L. 1996. ‘The changing value of children among the Kikuyu of Central Province, Kenya’, Africa 66 (3), 163–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Price, N. L. 1998. ‘Institutional determinants of high fertility in Gwembe Tonga society’, Social Sciences in Health 4 (1), 25–44.Google Scholar
Ramu, G. N. 1986. ‘Kinship structure and entrepreneurship: an Indian case’, Journal of Comparative Family Studies 17 (2), 173–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, P. 1991. Dance Civet Cat: child labour in the Zambezi valley. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Robinson, W. 1992. ‘Kenya enters the fertility transition’, Population Studies 46 (3). 445–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rostow, W. 1960. The Stages of Economic Development: a non-communist manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ryder, N. 1987. ‘Discussion’, in Bongaarts, J.et al. (eds), Family Demography, pp. 345–56. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Scudder, T. 1962. The Ecology of the Gwembe Tonga. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Scudder, T. and Colson, E. 1979. ‘Long-term research in Gwembe valley, Zambia’, in Foster, G. M.et al. (eds), Long-term Field Research in Social Anthropology, pp. 227–54. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Scudder, T. and Colson, E. 1980. Secondary Education and the Formation of an Elite: the impact of education on Gwembe District, Zambia. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Skinner, G. William. 1997. ‘Family systems and demographic processes’, in Kertzer, D. and Fricke, T. (eds), Anthropological Demography, pp. 53–95. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
So, A. 1990. Social Change and Development: modernization, dependency and world systems theories. Newbury Park CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Thadani, V. 1978. ‘The logic of sentiment: the family and social change’, Population and Development Review 4 (3), 457–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, C. and Dyson, T. 1992. ‘Family systems and cultural change: perspectives from the past’, in Berquo, E. and Xenos, P. (eds), Family Systems and Cultural Change, pp. 31–40. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Zambia, Government of. 1993. Demographic and Health Survey, 1992. Lusaka: University of Zambia and Central Statistical Office.Google Scholar