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Gender and housing: the case of domestic service in Lusaka, Zambia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Karen Tranberg Hansen
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Résumé

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Lusaka est une ville à l'origine construite pour des résidents européens, pour satisfaire les besoins et le confort de l'européen. A l'époque coloniale, les résidents africains étaient, soit des employés domestiques vivant dans l'enceinte de la maisonnee européenne, soit engagés comme ouvriers salariés alors confinés dans des zones, au sud-ouest de Lusaka, qui leur étaient particulièrement destinées. Comme domestiques, les européens préféraient employer des hommes; les femmes et les enfants vivant dans les quartiers proches étaient considérés potentiellement perturbateurs et on les dissuadait de venir s'installer dans les villes. Un déséquilibre des sexes entre ville et campagne se forma; ainsi se créèrent les présomptions culturelles sur l'inégalité des femmes, le logement et l'emploi, encore largement estimées de nos jours.

La pression pour trouver un emploi salarié en Zambie se fait davantage sentir, et, en conséquence, la population de Lusaka augmente rapidement, alors que les abris sont de plus en plus limités. L'article indique que les employés de maison constituent encore la part la plus importante de la population salariée urbaine. En raison des présomptions culturelles sur la différence des sexes et sur le logement, les hommes et les femmes n'ont pas les mêmes accès à l'habitation. A travers l'exemple des femmes en relation avec les travaux domestiques, et étant entendu que de plus en plus de femmes cherchent désormais un emploi remunéré, l'article examine l'élargissement de la position des femmes en Zambie et souhaite sensibliser la politique du logement en Zambie au problème de la différence des sexes.

Type
Research Article
Information
Africa , Volume 62 , Issue 2 , April 1992 , pp. 248 - 265
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1992

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