No CrossRef data available.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 April 2022
For the majority of Europeans not fortunate to be bom and raised in Africa the ‘discovery’ of the extraordinary fauna of that distant continent frequently occurs, nevertheless, remarkably early in their lives. In recent times it may be acquired in part through the medium of television. In Britain this began around the middle of the present century when natural history programmes shot in monochrome in exotic locations across the world were first shown. The success of these programmes coincided with an embryonic awakening in the scientific community to the depletion of some of the world's natural resources, and none more so than in Africa.
1. Denis, M. Leopard in my lap. London, W.H. Allen, 1955.Google Scholar
2. Adamson, J. Born free: a lioness of two worlds. London, Collins & Harvill Press, 1960.Google Scholar On the same theme she also wrote: Living free. London, Collins & Harvill Press, 1961;Google Scholar Forever free: Elsa's pride. London, Collins & Harvill Press, 1962;Google Scholar Pippa's challenge. London, Collins, 1972;Google Scholar Joy Adamson's Africa. London, Collins,1972.Google Scholar See also: House, A., The great safari: the lives of George and Joy Adamson, creators of the “Born free” legend. London, Harvill, 1993.Google Scholar Some of these titles contain reproductions of Joy Adamson's paintings of African wildlife.
3. Goodall, J. My life among wild chimpanzees, National geographic, 124, 1963, 272–308Google Scholar; Lawick-Goodall, Jane van. In the shadow of man. London, Collins, 1971;Google Scholar The chimpanzees of Gombe: patterns of behavior. Cambridge, MA, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1986;Google Scholar Through a window: thirty years with the chimpanzees of Gombe. London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1990.Google Scholar
4. Douglas-Hamilton, I.& O. Among the elephants. London, Collins & Harvill Press, 1975.Google Scholar
5. Fossey, D. Gorillas in the mist. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1983,Google Scholar and Mowat, F. & Fossey, D. Virunga: the passion of Dian Fossey. Toronto, McClelland & Stewart, 1987.Google Scholar
6. Hass, H. Under the Red Sea, trans. Cleugh, J.. London, Jarrolds, 1953.Google Scholar
7. Grzimek, B. No room for wild animals. London, Thames & Hudson, 1960Google Scholar; Serengeti shall not die. London, Hamish Hamilton, 1960Google Scholar; Among animals of Africa. London, Collins, 1970.Google Scholar
8. Genesis, Ch. 5, v.28-Ch.8.
9. Genesis, Ch.1.
10. Genesis, Ch.1, v.19-20.
11. Miller, G.H. A new, complete, and universal body or system of natural history; being a grand, accurate, and extensive display of animated nature. London, Alex Hogg, 1785.Google Scholar The garden of Eden is depicted on the frontispiece and is one of many similar illustrations; Pinney, R. The animals in the Bible: the identity and natural history of all the animal's mentioned in the Bible. Philadelphia & New York, Chilton Books, 1964;Google Scholar France, P. An encyclopedia of bible animals; photographs by Eric & David Hosking. London, Croom Helm, 1986;Google Scholar Parmelee, A. All the birds of the Bible: their stories, identification and meaning. London, Lutterworth Press, 1960.Google Scholar
12. The new encyclopaedia brittanica, 15th ed. 1978, vol. 1, 196–198;Google Scholar George, W. Animals and maps. London, Seeker & Warburg, 1969;CrossRefGoogle Scholar Oliver, R. & Crowde, M. (eds.) The Cambridge encyclopedia of Africa. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. 52–53;Google Scholar Luard, N. The wildlife parks of Africa. London, Michael Joseph, 1985.Google Scholar
13. George, W. Animals and maps. London, Seeker & Warburg, 1969, pp.45–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Ley, W. Dawn of zoology. Englewood Cliffs NJ, Prentice Hall, 1968;Google Scholar Jennison, G. Animals for show and pleasure in ancient Rome. Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1937;Google Scholar Toynbee, J.C.M. Animals in Roman life and art. London, Thames & Hudson, 1973;Google Scholar Scullard, H.H. The elephant in the Greek and Roman world. London, Thames & Hudson, 1974 .Google Scholar
15 George, W. Sources and background to discoveries of new animals in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, History of science, 18, 1980, 79–104CrossRefGoogle Scholar; George, W. & Yapp, B. The naming of the beasts: natural history in the medieval bestiary. London, Duckworth, 1991, pp. 46–49Google Scholar; Benton, J.R. The medieval menagerie: animals in the art of the Middle Ages. New York, Abbeville Press, 1992Google Scholar; Payne, A. Medieval beasts. London, British Library, 1990Google Scholar; White, T.H. The book of beasts. London, Jonathan Cape, 1954Google Scholar; Yapp, B. Birds in medieval manuscripts. London, British Library, 1981Google Scholar.
16. George, W. & Yapp, B. The naming of the beasts: natural history in the medieval bestiary. London, Duckworth, 1991, p. 36Google Scholar
17. George, W. & Yapp B. ibid. pp. 36, 90.
18. Dent, A. Animals in art. Oxford, Phaidon, 1976, p. 3 and the accompanying text.Google Scholar
19. George, W. Sources and background to discoveries of new animals in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, History of science, 18, 1980, pp. 96–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Woods, G.L. The Guinness book of animal facts and feats. 3rd ed. Enfield, Guinness Superlatives, 1982, pp.13-18Google Scholar
21. Ibid. pp. 63-64.
22. Lloyd, J.B. African animals in Renaissance literature and art. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1971, p. 31Google Scholar
23. Wood, G.L. The Guinness book of animal facts and feats.3rd ed. Enfield, Guinness Superlatives, 1982, pp. 19–20.Google Scholar
24. Rookmaaker, L.C. The zoological exploration of southern Africa, 1650-1790. Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, 1989, pp. 35, 51.Google Scholar
25. Dent, A. Animals in art. Oxford, Phaidon, 1976, p. 47Google Scholar and the accompanying text; Blunt, W. The ark in the park: the zoo in the nineteenth century. London, Hamish Hamilton in association with the Tryon Gallery, 1976, plate facing p.177.Google Scholar
26. Spinage, C.A. The book of the giraffe. London, Collins, 1968Google Scholar; Blunt, W. The ark in the park; the zoo in the nineteenth century. London, Hamish Hamilton in association with the Tryon Gallery, 1976, plate facing p. 177.Google Scholar
27. Trapnell, D. Nature in art; a celebration of 300 years of wildlife paintings. Newton Abbot, David & Charles, 1991, p. 156Google Scholar
28. Rookmaaker, L.C. The zoological exploration of southern Africa, 1650-1790. Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, 1989Google Scholar. An account of the Forsters and a listing of all the African species painted appears on pp. 43-59; Whitehead, P J.P. The Forster collection of zoological drawings in the British Museum (Natural History), Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical series, 6, 1978, 25–47;CrossRefGoogle Scholar Lysaght, A. Some eighteenth century bird paintings in the library of Sir Joseph Banks (1745-1820), Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Historical series, 1, 1959, 251–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Rookmaaker, L.C. The zoological exploration of southern Africa, 1650-1790. Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, 1989, p.3.Google Scholar
30. Reinits, R. & T. Early artists of Australia. Sydney, Angus & Robertson, 1963, pp. 26–30.Google Scholar
31. Wheeler, A. Catalogue of the natural history drawings commissioned by Sir Joseph Banks on the Endeavour voyage 1768-1771 held in the British Museum (Natural History); part. 3, Zoology, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical series, 13, 1986, pp. 1–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32. Sarah Stone; personal communication, Christine Jackson, 1994.
33. The Dutch Natural History Album contains two drawings of the Mona monkey byHardenburg, C.van and an anonymous charcoal drawing of the Blauwe Mandrill (Cynocephalus mormon).Google Scholar
34. For a history of exploration in Africa see: Forbes, V.S.. Pioneer travellers in South Africa: a geographical commentary upon routes, records, observations and opinions of travellers at the Cape, 1750-1800. Cape Town & Amsterdam, A.A. Balkema, 1965Google Scholar and Rookmaaker, L.C., The zoological exploration of southern Africa, 1650-1790. Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, 1989.Google Scholar
35. Rookmaaker, L.C. ibid. 1989. p.3.
36. Rookmaaker, L.C. ibid. 1989. (Francois Levaillant, pp. 177-221); Crichton, A. Memoir of Le Vaillant, pp. 2-31 in Swainson, W. Birds of western Africa, pt. 2. Edinburgh, W.H. Lizars, 1837.Google Scholar
37. Bull, B. Safari: a chronicle of adventure. New York, Viking Press, 1988;Google Scholar Wilson, D. & Ayerst, P. White gold; the story of African ivory. London, Heinemann, 1976.Google Scholar
38. Harris, W.C. Portraits of the game and wild animals of southern Africa, reproduced complete from the original edition. Introductory essay by E.C. Tabler. Zoological note by R. Liversidge. Cape Town, A.A. Balkema, 1969.Google Scholar
39. Michie, A. Memoir of Sir Smith, Andrew. M.D., K.C.B., F.R.S., F.Z.S., etc., Director-General of the Medical Department of the British Army, Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club, 8, 1876/78, 33–48;Google Scholar Kirby, P.R. Sir Andrew Smith, MB., K.C£., his life, letters and works. Cape Town & Amsterdam, A.A. Balkema, 1965Google Scholar; Greenwood, P.H. Have you seen a Ford lately? Ichthos, 28, 1990, 10-11; Gunther, A.E. The original drawings of George Henry Ford, Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 6, 1972, 139–142;CrossRefGoogle Scholar Ellerman, J.R., Morrison-Scott, T.C. & Hayman, R.W. Southern African mammals, 1758 to 1951: a reclassification. London, British Museum (Natural History), 1953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40 Baines, T. The northern goldfields diaries of Thomas Baines, ed. Wallis, J.P.R.. London, Chatto & Windus, 1946, pp. ix–xxxvii in Vol. 1;Google Scholar Anderson, R.E. Baines, Thomas, Dictionary of national biography, 2, 1885, 441–442Google Scholar.
41 Bennett, E.T. The Tower menageries; comprising the natural history of the animals contained in that establishment, with anecdotes of their characters and history. London, Robert Jennings, 1829.Google Scholar
42. Wolf, J. Zoological sketches. London, 1861, 1867;CrossRefGoogle Scholar Jackson, C.E. Bird illustrators; some artists in early lithography. London, H.F. & G. Witherby, 1975, pp. 63–74;Google Scholar Palmer, A.H. The life of Joseph Wolf, animal painter. London, Longmans, Green, 1895.Google Scholar
43. Festing, S. Menageries and the landscape garden, Journal of garden history, 8, 1988, 104–117;CrossRefGoogle Scholar Woolfall, S.J. History of the 13th Earl of Derby's menagerie and aviary at Knowsley Hall, Liverpool (1806-1851), Archives of natural history, 17, 1988, 1–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44. Ziswiler, V. Extinct and vanishing animals; a biology of extinction and survival. Rev. English ed. by Bunnell, F. & P.. London, Longmans, 1967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45. Russell, H.W.S., Marquis of Tavistock. Parrots and parrot-like birds in aviculture. London, F.V. White, 1929;Google Scholar Rowley, G.D. Ornithological miscellany, 1. London, Trubner/Brighton, Thomas Page, 1875. (Grey parrot, Psittacus erithacus. pp. 164–175 with one plate).Google Scholar
46. For a history of the theories of evolution, see Young, David. The discovery of evolution. London, Natural History Museum/Cambridge, University of Cambridge, 1992.Google Scholar
47. For an account of Tyson's dissection of the-chimpanzee, see Montagu, M.F. Ashley. Edward Tyson, M.D., F.R.S., 1650-1708 and the rise of human and comparative anatomy in England; a study in the history of science, Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, 20,1943;Google Scholar Gould, S J. The flamingo's smile: reflections in natural history. New York & London, W.W. Norton, 1985. (To show an ape, pp. 263–280)Google Scholar
48. G.H.B. (i.e. G.H. Burnham). Chaillu, Paul Belloni Du, Dictionary of American biography, 3, 1930, 475–476;Google Scholar Yerkes, R.M. & A.W. The great apes; a study of anthropoid life. New Haven, Yale University Press/London, Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1929;Google Scholar Willoughby, D.P. All about gorillas. New York, A.S. Barnes/London, Thomas Yoseloff, 1978.Google Scholar
49. Jackson, C.E. Bird illustrators: some artists in early lithography. London, H.F. & G. Witherby, 1975, pp. 25–31.Google Scholar
50. Smit, B. The illustration of zoological literature at the British Museum in the nineteenth century, South African journal of science, 58, 1962, 65–68.Google Scholar This account describes the work of J.& P.J. Smit; Jackson, C.E. Bird illustrators; some artists in early lithography. London, H.F. & G. Witherby, 1975, pp. 75–83.Google Scholar The Natural History Museum, London contains paintings of several kinds of African animals painted by the Smits, including tenrecs, Arabian baboon, heads of the chimpanzees “Pat”, “Jack”, “John”, “Mike”, “Jimmy” and “Adam”, fat-, tailed desert mouse, zebra, rhinoceros, giraffes, dusky gelada baboon, anubis baboon, Verreaux's guinea fowl. Most of the drawings were done from life in the Zoological Gardens, London.
51. Chatfield, J. F.W. Frohawk: his life and work. Marlborough, Crowood Press, 1987;Google Scholar Jackson, C.E. Bird illustrators; some artists in early lithography. London,H.F. & G. Witherby, 1975, pp.103–107.Google Scholar
52. Jackson, C.E. op cit. pp. 108-115.
53. Jackson, C.E., op cit. pp. 84-92; Keulemans, T. & Coldeway, J. Feathers to brush: the Victorian bird artist John Gerrard Keulemans, 1842-1912. Epse & Melbourne, authors, 1982.Google Scholar
54. Finch-Davies, C.G. The bird paintings of C.G. Finch-Davies; introduction by Kemp, Alan. Johannesburg, Winchester Press, 1984;Google Scholar Kemp, A.C. The biography of Claude Gibney Finch-Davies, 1875-1920; observer, student and highly skilled illustrator of southern African birds. Pretoria, Transvaal Museum, 1976;Google Scholar Finch-Davies, C.G. The birds of southern Africa; plates by Finch-Davies, C.G., text by Kemp, A.. Johannesburg, Winchester Press, 1980.Google Scholar
55. Mattingley, P.F. Amedeo John Engel Terzi, 1872-1956, Mosquito systematics, 8, 1976, 114–120.Google Scholar
56. Van Someren, V.G.L. The birds of East Africa; a collection of lithographs prepared from the originals drawn from nature by V.G.L. van Someren between the years 1909 and 1937. Sarasota, FL, A.C. Allyn for Allyn Museum of Entomology, 1973. Limited ed.Google Scholar
57. Herbstein, D. Jonathan Kingdon's amazing Technicolour monkeys, Sunday Times magazine, 28 Feb. 1982, 44–49.Google Scholar
58. The H.H. Bloomer award: Rosevear, Donovan Reginald, C.B.E., B.A., F.L.S., Biological journal of the Linnaean Society, 10, 1978, 443–454;Google Scholar Keay, R.W.J. Rosevear, Donovan, C.B.E. (1910-1986), Nigerian field, 50, 1986,51–52;Google Scholar Mr.Rosevear, Donovan; studies of West African fauna, The Times, 18 Jan. 1986.Google Scholar
59. Caiman, W.T. CaptainDollman, , Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of London, 154, 1941/42, 273–275;Google Scholar Obituary, Hereward Chune Dollman, F.E.S., Entomologist's record, 31, 1919, 39–40.Google Scholar Original drawings in the Natural History Museum of African animals painted by John Charles Dollman for the British Museum (Natural History) postcard booklet series include zebra, lion, lioness, leopard, Elliot's colubus monkey, Barbary ape, gelada baboon, Diana guenon, Wolfs guenon, chestnut-browed guenon, Kirk's colubus monkey and the anubis baboon.
60. Christopher Ward, F.L.S., Entomologist's monthly magazine, ser. 2, 11 (36) 1900, 213Google Scholar
61. Trapnell, D. Nature in art; a celebration of 300 years of wildlife painting. Newton Abbot, David & Charles, 1991, p. 87;Google Scholar Watson, J.N.P. The quest of “Lion-Kuhnert“, Country life, 154, 1973, 1802, 1804.Google Scholar
61. Trapnell, D. Nature in art; a celebration of 300 years of wildlife painting. Newton Abbot, David & Charles, 1991, p. 87;Google Scholar Watson, J.N.P. The quest of “Lion-Kuhnert“, Country life, 154, 1973, 1802, 1804.Google Scholar