Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T17:41:20.080Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘I am not that old’: inter-personal experiences of thriving and threats at a senior centre

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2008

ANNE LUND
Affiliation:
Occupational Therapy Programme, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo University College, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
GUNN ENGELSRUD
Affiliation:
Occupational Therapy Programme, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo University College, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ulleval University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Abstract

The high cultural valuation of youthfulness and fitness in the mass media and more generally in western consumer society is the contextual frame for this study. It examines older people's attitudes towards their own ageing and towards people who are older or frailer than themselves. Participant observation was conducted of the attitudes, actions and interactions of the users of a senior centre in Norway. The users held two sets of attitudes that led to quite different activities and actions at the centre. On the one hand, they saw the centre as helping them ‘thrive’, which was associated with involvement in the community and participation in the structured daily activities to promote the senses of belonging and being useful. On the other hand, some perceived the centre and particularly the other users as ‘threats’ – as reminding them that they were getting old and increasingly vulnerable to sickness and disability. To some, the centre was for old people with disabilities, and they used subtle strategies to distance themselves from this group. Some users' attitudes and behaviour were in tension: they wished to participate in the valued activities but also to distance themselves from frailer users, while not denying their own ageing. The distancing strategies and behaviour amounted to age discrimination in interpersonal relations and interactions at the centre. This behaviour accepts rather than challenges the cultural valuation of youthfulness and the negative representation of old age.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersson, L. and Öberg, P. 2006. Diversity, health and ageing. In Daatland, S. O. and Biggs, S. (eds), Ageing and Diversity: Multiple Pathways and Cultural Migrations. Policy Press, Bristol, Avon, 4560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrews, M. 1999. The seductiveness of agelessness. Ageing & Society, 19, 3, 301–18.Google Scholar
Askegaard, S., Gertsen, M. C. and Langer, R. 2002. The body consumed: reflexivity and cosmetic surgery. Psychology and Marketing, 19, 10, 793812.Google Scholar
Avlund, K., Lund, R., Holstein, B. E., Due, P., Sakari-Rantala, R. and Heikkinen, R. L. 2004. The impact of structural and functional characteristics of social relations as determinants of functional decline. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 59, 1, 4451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biggs, S. 2006. New ageism: age imperialism, personal experience and ageing policy. In Daatland, S. O. and Biggs, S. (eds), Ageing and Diversity: Multiple Pathways and Cultural Migrations. Policy Press, Bristol, Avon, 95106.Google Scholar
Biggs, S. and Daatland, S. O. 2006. Ageing and diversity: a critical introduction. In Biggs, S. and Daatland, S. O. (eds), Ageing and Diversity: Multiple Pathways and Cultural Migrations. Policy Press, Bristol, Avon, 19.Google Scholar
Blaikie, A. 2006. The search for ageing identities. In Daatland, S. O. and Biggs, S. (eds), Ageing and Diversity: Multiple Pathways and Cultural Migrations. Policy Press, Bristol, Avon, 7993.Google Scholar
Bowling, A. 2007. Aspirations for older age in the 21st century: what is successful aging? International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 64, 3, 263–97.Google Scholar
Daatland, S. O., Solem, P. E. and Valset, K. 2006. Subjektiv alder og aldring [Subjective age and ageing]. In Slagsvold, B. and Daatland, S. O. (eds), Eldre år, lokale variasjoner. Resultater fra den norske studien av livsløp, aldring og generasjon (NorLAG)-runde-1 [Older Years, Local Variations: Results from the Norwegian Study of Lifespan, Ageing and Generations]. Norsk institutt for forskning om oppvekst, velferd og aldring (NOVA) [Norwegian Social Research], Oslo.Google Scholar
Danielsen, K. and Valset, K. 2004. Se der hacker bestefar, eller bestemor på anbud. Avisene og de eldre [Look, Grandpa is Hacking, Grandmother is Tender/Frail: Newspapers and Older People]. Skriftserie 5/04, Norsk Institutt for forskning om oppvekst, velferd og aldring (NOVA) [Norwegian Social Research], Oslo.Google Scholar
Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. 2005. Introduction: the discipline and practice of qualitative research. In Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (eds), The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. Third edition, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California, 132.Google Scholar
Engelsrud, G. 2006. Hva er kropp? [What is the Body?]. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.Google Scholar
Fangen, K. 2004. Deltagende observasjon [Participant Observation]. Fagbokforlaget Vigmostad og Bjørke AS, Oslo.Google Scholar
Featherstone, M. and Hepworth, M. 1995. Images of positive ageing: a case study of Retirement Choice magazine. In Featherstone, M. and Wernick, A. (eds), Images of Ageing. Routledge, London, 2960.Google Scholar
Featherstone, M. and Wernick, A. 1995. Introduction. In Featherstone, M. and Wernick, A. (eds), Images of Ageing: Cultural Representations of Later Life. Routledge, London, 119.Google Scholar
Geertz, C. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. Basic Books, New York.Google Scholar
Gilleard, C. and Higgs, P. 2000. Cultures of Ageing: Self, Citizen and the Body. Pearson Education, Harlow, Essex.Google Scholar
Helse-og velferdsetaten 2006. Brukerundersøkelse og kartlegging av eldresentrene i Oslo 2006 [Stakeholder Survey and Charting the Senior Centres in Oslo]. Oslo Kommune, Oslo.Google Scholar
Helse og Omsorgsdepartementet (HOD) 1996. Handlingsplan for eldreomsorgen. Trygghet-respekt-kvalitet. Report 50, HOD, Oslo.Google Scholar
Heyes, C. J. 2007. Normalisation and the psychic life of cosmetic surgery. Australian Feminist Studies, 22, 52, 5571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurd, L. C. 1999. ‘We're not old!’: older women's negotiation of aging and oldness. Journal of Aging Studies, 13, 4, 419–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, J. 1996. Living a meaningful existence in old age. In Zemke, R. and Clark, F. (eds), Occupational Science: The Evolving Discipline. Davis, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 339–62.Google Scholar
Järvinen, M. and Mik-Meyer, N. 2005. Observationer i en interaktionistisk begrebsramme [Observations in an interactive paradigm]. In Järvinen, M. and Mik-Meyer, N. (eds), Kvalitative metoder i et interaktionistisk perspektiv. Interview, observationer og dokumenter [Qualitative Methods in an Interactive Perspective: Interviews, Observations and Documents]. Hans Reitzels Forlag, Copenhagen, 97120.Google Scholar
Laliberte, Rudman D. 2005. Understanding political influences on occupational possibilities: an analysis of newspaper constructions of retirement. Journal of Occupational Science, 12, 3, 149–60.Google Scholar
Laliberte, Rudman D. 2006. Reflections on positive aging and its implications for occupational possibilities in later life. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy: Revue Canadienne d Ergotherapie, 73, 3, 188–92.Google Scholar
Lund, A. 2005. ‘Jeg er ikke SÅ gammel’: erfaringer i trivsel og trussel fra et seniorsenter [I am not that old: experiences of thriving and threat at a senior centre]. Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo.Google Scholar
Meyer, A. 1977. The philosophy of occupation therapy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 31, 10, 639–42.Google ScholarPubMed
Mountain, G. 2004. Occupational Therapy with Older People. Whurr, London.Google Scholar
Öberg, P. 1996. The absent body: a social gerontological paradox. Ageing & Society, 16, 6, 701–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Öberg, P. and Tornstam, L. 2001. Youthfulness and fitness-identity ideals for all ages? Journal of Aging and Identity, 6, 1, 1529.Google Scholar
Pettersen, A. M. and Laake, K. 2000. Hvem bruker eldresentret? Hva er viktig for å ta sentret i bruk? [Who Uses the Senior Centre? Which Factors Promote Utilisation?]. Nasjonalforeningens forskergruppe i geriatri [Norwegian Association of Researchers in Geriatric Medicine], Research Department, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo.Google Scholar
Pettersen, A. M. and Laake, K. 2003. Hukommelsevansker, angst og depresjon hos hjemmeboende eldre. Passer eldresenteret? Er hjemmetjenesten i bruk? [Difficulties in Remembering, Anxiety and Depression among Community Dwelling Older People. Does the Senior Centre Fit Their Lives? Do They Use Service Facilities?]. Research Department, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo.Google Scholar
Reynolds, F. and Lim, K. H. 2005. The social context of older people. In McIntyre, A. and Atwal, A. (eds), Occupational Therapy and Older People. Blackwell, Oxford, 2748.Google Scholar
Sassatelli, R. 2007. Consumer Culture: History, Theory and Politics. Sage, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Sawchuk, K. A. 1995. From gloom to bloom: age, identity and target marketing. In Featherstone, M. and Wernick, A. (eds), Images of Aging: Cultural Representations of Later Life. Routledge, London, 173–87.Google Scholar
Sivertsen, H. 1994. Vi vil leve lenge [We prefer a long life]. In Sivertsen, H., Kjærlighetslandet [The Country of Love]. Nordaførr as, Oslo. (Music score.)Google Scholar
Slagsvold, B. 2000. Velferd og levekår for sterkt hjelpeavhengige eldre tjenestebrukere [Welfare and Living Conditions for Older Dependent Users]. Norsk Institutt for forskning om oppvekst, velferd og aldring (NOVA) [Norwegian Social Research], Oslo.Google Scholar
Slagsvold, B., Clausen, S. E. and Hansen, T. 2006. Mental helse og livskvalitet-individuelle variasjoner [Mental health and quality of life: individual variations]. In Slagsvold, B. and Daatland, S. O. (eds), Eldre år, lokale variasjoner. Resultater fra Den norske studien av livsløp, aldring og generasjon (NorLAG)-runde 1 [Advanced Age, Local Variations: Results from the Norwegian Study of Lifespan, Ageing and Generation]. Norsk institutt for forskning om oppvekst, velferd og aldring (NOVA) [Norwegian Social Research], Oslo.Google Scholar
Slagsvold, B., Daatland, S. O. and Guntvedt, O. H. 2000. Eldresenteret nå og fremover [Senior Centres Today and in the Future]. Norsk institutt for forskning om oppvekst, velferd og aldring NOVA [Norwegian Social Research], Oslo.Google Scholar
Statistics Norway 2007. Forventet levealder [Life Expectancy in Norway]. Statistics Norway, Oslo. Available online at http://ssb.no/ [Accessed July 2007].Google Scholar
Thorsen, K. 2002. Aldring og alderdom i sin tid [Ageing and old age across time]. In Toverud, R. (ed.), Kulturpsykologi.Bevegelser i livsløp [Cultural Psychology: Movements Through the Lifespan]. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 152–84.Google Scholar
Thorsen, K. 2005. Nye tider, nye eldre, nye selvforståelser. Aldring og alderdom i sin tid [New times, new older people, new self-awareness]. In Bjerkreim, T. (ed.), Eldre i en brytningstid [Older People in a Time of Change: Inter-personal Experiences of Thriving and Threats]. Gyldendal, Oslo, 2943.Google Scholar
Torres, S. and Hammarstrom, G. 2006. Speaking of ‘limitations’ while trying to disregard them: a qualitative study of how diminished everyday competence and aging can be regarded. Journal of Aging Studies, 20, 4, 291302.Google Scholar
Townsend, E. and Wilcock, A. A. 2004. Occupational justice. In Christiansen, C. and Townsend, E. (eds), Introduction to Occupation: The Art and Science of Living. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 243–73.Google Scholar
Tulle-Winton, E. 1999. Growing old and resistance: towards a new cultural economy of old age? Ageing & Society, 19, 3, 281–99.Google Scholar
Wadel, C. 2002. Feltarbeid i egen kultur: en innføring i kvalitativt orientert samfunnsforskning [Fieldwork in One's Own Culture: An Introduction to Qualitatively Oriented Social Research]. Seek A/S, Flekkefjord, Norway.Google Scholar
Wilcock, A. A. 2006. Occupation-focused approach to the promotion of health and well-being. In Wilcock, A. (ed.), An Occupational Perspective of Health. Slack, Thorofare, New Jersey, 304–33.Google Scholar
World Health Organisation (WHO) 2002. Active Ageing: A Policy Framework. WHO-Geneva.Google Scholar
World Health Organisation 2006. Healthy Ageing: A Challenge for Europe. Report R2006:29, Swedish National Institute of Public Health, Stockholm.Google Scholar