Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T06:20:43.823Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A point of connection? Wellbeing, the veteran identity and older adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2020

Liz Brewster*
Affiliation:
Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
Brigit McWade
Affiliation:
Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
Samuel J. A. Clark
Affiliation:
Department of Politics, Philosophy, and Religion, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Email: e.brewster@lancaster.ac.uk

Abstract

Maintaining good wellbeing in older age is seen to have a positive effect on health, including cognitive and physiological functioning. This paper explores experiences of wellbeing in a particular older adult community: those who have served in the military. It aims to identify the specific challenges that ex-service personnel may have, reporting findings from a qualitative study focused on how older veterans told stories of military service and what these stories revealed about wellbeing. We used a qualitative approach; data are drawn from 30 individual interviews, and from engagement with veterans in workshops. Analysis was conducted using a data-driven constant comparison approach. Three themes are presented: how loneliness affects older adult veterans; how they draw on fictive kinship; and the role of military visual culture. Although participants had diverse experiences of military service, they felt that being a veteran connected them to a community that went beyond association with specific experiences. Using narratives of military experience to connect, both in telling stories and by stories being listened to, was vital. As veterans, older adults were able to access each other as a resource for listening and sharing. However, it was also exclusionary: civilians, because they lacked military service experience, could not empathise and be used as a resource.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aartsen, M and Jylhä, M (2011) Onset of loneliness in older adults: results of a 28 year prospective study. European Journal of Ageing 8, 3138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, BRO (2006) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Bantry-White, E, O'Sullivan, S, Kenny, L and O'Connell, C (2018) The symbolic representation of community in social isolation and loneliness among older people: insights for intervention from a rural Irish case study. Health and Social Care in the Community 26, e552e559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowen, GA (2006) Grounded theory and sensitizing concepts. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 5, 1223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewster, L, Clark, S, McWade, B, Long, E, Giga, S and Fletcher, I (forthcoming, available from authors on request) Military lives and transformative experiences: a toolkit to work with older adult veterans.Google Scholar
Bulmer, S and Jackson, D (2016) ‘You do not live in my skin’: embodiment, voice, and the veteran. Critical Military Studies 2, 2540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burdett, H, Woodhead, C, Iversen, AC, Wessely, S, Dandeker, C and Fear, NT (2013) ‘Are you a veteran?’ Understanding of the term ‘veteran’ among UK ex-service personnel. Armed Forces & Society 39, 751759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burkitt, I (1999) Bodies of Thought: Embodiment, Identity and Modernity. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Burnell, K, Coleman, P and Hunt, N (2010) Coping with traumatic memories: Second World War veterans’ experiences of social support in relation to the narrative coherence of war memories. Ageing & Society 30, 5778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnell, K, Needs, A and Gordon, K (2017) Exploring the suitability and acceptability of peer support for older veterans. Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 18, 120130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bury, M (2001) Illness narratives: fact or fiction? Sociology of Health & Illness 23, 263285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caddick, N, Phoenix, C and Smith, B (2015) Collective stories and well-being: using a dialogical narrative approach to understand peer relationships among combat veterans experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Health Psychology 20, 286299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, M, Fitzpatrick, R, Haines, A, Kinmonth, AL, Sandercock, P, Spiegelhalter, D and Tyrer, P (2000) Framework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health. BMJ 321, 694696.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cattan, M, White, M, Bond, J and Learmouth, A (2005) Preventing social isolation and loneliness among older people: a systematic review of health promotion interventions. Ageing & Society 25, 4167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charmaz, K (2006) Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Cieslik, M (2017) The Happiness Riddle and the Quest for a Good Life. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clough, R, Green, B, Hawkes, B, Raymond, G and Bright, L (2006) Older People as Researchers: Evaluating a Participative Project. Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Available at https://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/default/files/jrf/migrated/files/9781859354346.pdf.Google Scholar
Corley, L (2017) Epistemological interference and the trope of the veteran. Journal of Veterans Studies 2, 6978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornwell, EY and Waite, LJ (2009) Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and health among older adults. Journal of Health Sociology Behaviour 50, 3148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dandeker, C, Wessely, S, Iversen, A and Ross, J (2006) What's in a name? Defining and caring for ‘veterans’: the United Kingdom in international perspective. Armed Forces & Society 32, 161177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodge, R, Daly, A, Huyton, J and Sanders, L (2012) The challenge of defining wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing 2, 222235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dolan, P, Peasgood, T and White, M (2008) Do we really know what makes us happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being. Journal of Economic Psychology 29, 94122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frank, AW (2010) Letting Stories Breathe: A Socio-narratology. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frank, AW (2017) An illness of one's own: memoir as art form and research as witness. Cogent Arts and Humanities 4, 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkley, LC and Cacioppo, JT (2010) Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 40, 218227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HM Government (2018) The Strategy for Our Veterans. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/strategy-for-our-veterans.Google Scholar
Hunt, N and Robbins, I (2001a) The long-term consequences of war: the experience of World War II. Aging and Mental Health 5, 183190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, N and Robbins, I (2001b) World War II veterans, social support, and veterans’ associations. Aging & Mental Health 5, 175182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kvale, S and Brinkmann, S (2009) InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing, 2nd Edn. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Lee, HA, Gabriel, R, Bolton, JPG, Bale, AJ and Jackson, M (2002) Health status and clinical diagnoses of 3000 UK Gulf War veterans. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 95, 491497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacManus, D, Dean, K, Jones, M, Rona, RJ, Greenberg, N, Hull, L, Fahy, T, Wessely, S and Fear, NT (2013) Violent offending by UK military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan: a data linkage cohort study. Lancet 381, 907917.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacManus, D, Fossey, M, Watson, SE and Wessely, S (2015) Former armed forces personnel in the criminal justice system. Lancet Psychiatry 2, 121122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McAdams, DP (1993) The Stories We Live by: Personal Myths and the Making of the Self. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
McCarthy, E (2010) ‘Is oral history good for you?’ Taking oral history beyond documentation and into a clinical setting: first steps. Oral History Review 37, 159169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milligan, C, Payne, S, Bingley, A and Cockshott, Z (2015) Place and wellbeing: shedding light on activity interventions for older men. Aging & Mental Health 35, 124149.Google Scholar
Ministry of Defence (2015) Annual Population Survey: UK Armed Forces Veterans Residing in Great Britain, 2015. London: HM Government.Google Scholar
Ministry of Defence (2019) Annual Population Survey: UK Armed Forces Veterans Residing in Great Britain, 2017. London: HM Government.Google Scholar
Nussbaum, MC (2005) Wellbeing, contracts and capabilities. In Manderson, L (ed.), Rethinking Wellbeing. Perth, Australia: API Network, pp. 2744.Google Scholar
Office for National Statistics (2015) Measuring National Well-being: Insights into Loneliness, Older People and Well-being, 2015. London: Office for National Statistics.Google Scholar
Paul, LA (2014) Transformative Experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perlman, D and Peplau, LA (1984) Loneliness research: a survey of empirical findings. In Peplau, LA and Goldston, SE (eds.), Preventing the Harmful Consequences of Severe and Persistent Loneliness. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health, pp. 1346.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, S and Roberts, M (2008) Addressing loneliness in later life. Aging & Mental Health 12, 302309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rae, HM (1992) Fictive kin as a component of the social networks of older people. Research on Aging 14, 226247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randall, M (2017) Overview of the UK Population: July 2017. London: Office for National Statistics.Google Scholar
Schechtman, M (1996) The Constitution of Selves. London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Seligman, MEP (2011) Flourish: A New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being and How to Achieve Them. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.Google Scholar
Steptoe, A, Deaton, A and Stone, AA (2015) Psychological wellbeing, health and ageing. Lancet 385, 640648.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steptoe, A, Owen, N, Kunz-Ebrecht, SR and Brydon, L (2004) Loneliness and neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and inflammatory stress responses in middle-aged men and women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29, 593611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, C (1992) Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, HO, Taylor, RJ, Nguyen, AW and Chatters, L (2018) Social isolation, depression, and psychological distress among older adults. Journal of Aging and Health 30, 229246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, JM, Lockhart, W, Roach, MB, Atuel, H, Bélanger, S, Black, T, Cox, D, Cooper, A, de Boer, C, Dentry, S, Hamner, K, Shields, D and Truusa, TT (2017) ‘Veterans’ Identities and Well-being in Transition to Civilian Life – A Resource for Policy Analysts, Program Designers, Service Providers and Researchers (VAC Research Directorate Technical Report). Available at https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/about-vac/research/research-directorate/publications/reports/identities-transition-civil-life.Google Scholar
Veterans Organisation (2019) What is a Veteran? The Legal Definition. Available at https://va.org/what-is-a-veteran-the-legal-definition/.Google Scholar
Victor, CR and Yang, K (2012) The prevalence of loneliness among adults: a case study of the United Kingdom. Journal of Psychology 146, 85104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willsey, K (2015) Falling out of performance: pragmatic breakdown in veterans’ storytelling. In Blank, TJ and Kitta, A (eds.), Diagnosing Folklore. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi.Google Scholar
Wilson, G, Hill, M and Kiernan, MD (2018) Loneliness and social isolation of military veterans: systematic narrative review. Occupational Medicine 68, 600609.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, RS, Krueger, KR, Arnold, SE, Schneider, JA, Kelly, JF, Barnes, LL, Tang, Y and Bennett, DA (2007) Loneliness and risk of Alzheimer disease. Archives of General Psychiatry 64, 234240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woodward, R and Jenkings, NK (2011) Military identities in the situated accounts of British military personnel. Sociology 45, 252268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar