Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T05:41:01.172Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Social media and social wellbeing in later life

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2019

Kelly Quinn Open the ORCID record for Kelly Quinn [Opens in a new window]
Kelly Quinn*
Affiliation:
Department of Communication, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
*
*Corresponding author. Email: kquinn8@uic.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Social wellbeing is important to health, but maintaining social relations often becomes difficult in later life due to retirement, chronic disease, and the death of spouses and friends. Social media platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter, present accessible and low-cost communication technologies that have been demonstrated to enhance feelings of social connection and reduce loneliness in younger age groups. This exploratory study uses a four-week social media training workshop as an intervention in a randomised controlled study to examine whether similar social benefits might be realised for those at older ages, aged 65+ years. Social wellbeing measures of social capital, loneliness, social connectedness and social provisions were examined, revealing only small differences in social integration. As these findings seemingly contradict studies conducted with younger persons, the contexts of social media use in older adulthood are discussed, along with proposals for future research directions.

Keywords

older adultssocial mediasocial wellbeingsocial connectednesslonelinesssocial capitallifecourse
Type
Article
Information
Ageing & Society , Volume 41 , Special Issue 6: New Frontiers in International Retirement Migration , June 2021 , pp. 1349 - 1370
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aalbers, G, McNally, RJ, Heeren, A, de Wit, S and Fried, EI (2019) Social media and depression symptoms: a network perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 148, 1454–1462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adelman, MB, Parks, MR and Albrecht, TL (1987) Beyond close relationships: support in weak ties. In Albrecht, TL and Adelman, MB (eds), Communicating Social Support. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 126–147.Google Scholar
Allen, KA, Ryan, T, Gray, DL, McInerney, DM and Waters, L (2014) Social media use and social connectedness in adolescents: the positives and the potential pitfalls. Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 31, 18–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, M and Perrin, A (2017) Tech Adoption Climbs Among Older Adults. Washington, DC. Available at https://www.pewinternet.org/2017/05/17/tech-adoption-climbs-among-older-adults/.Google Scholar
Aula, A (2005) User study on older adults’ use of the Web and search engines. Universal Access in the Information Society 4, 67–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballantyne, A, Trenwith, L, Zubrinich, S and Corlis, M (2010) ‘I feel less lonely’: what older people say about participating in a social networking website. Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 11, 25–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekhet, AK and Zauszniewski, JA (2012) Mental health of elders in retirement communities: is loneliness a key factor? Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 26, 214–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bell, C, Fausset, CB, Farmer, S, Nguyen, J, Harley, L and Fain, WB (2013) Examining social media use among older adults. In Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media – HT ’13. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 158–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bizzi, L (2013) The dark side of structural holes: a multilevel investigation. Journal of Management 39, 1554–1578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandtzæg, PB (2012) Social networking sites: their users and social implications – a longitudinal study. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication 17, 467–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braun, MT (2013) Obstacles to social networking website use among older adults. Computers in Human Behavior 29, 673–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burke, M, Marlow, C and Lento, TM (2009) Feed me. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI ’09. New York, NY: ACM Press, p. 945.Google Scholar
Burke, M, Marlow, C and Lento, TM (2010) Social network activity and social well-being. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI ’10. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 1909–1912.Google Scholar
Burt, RS (1997) The contingent value of social capital. Administrative Science Quarterly 42, 339–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bynner, J (2016) Institutionalization of life course studies. In Handbook of the Life Course, Vol. II. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International, pp. 27–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantor, MH (1979) Neighbors and friends. Research on Aging 1, 434–463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carstensen, LL (1992 a) Motivation for social contact across the life span: a theory of socioemotional selectivity. In Jacobs, JE (ed.), Developmental Perspectives on Motivation, Vol. 40. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska, pp. 209–254.Google Scholar
Carstensen, LL (1992 b) Social and emotional patterns in adulthood: support for socioemotional selectivity theory. Psychology and Aging 7, 331–338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carstensen, LL and Mikels, JA (2005) At the intersection of emotion and cognition: aging and the positivity effect. Current Directions in Psychological Science 14, 117–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castillo, M (2017) Teens Explain How They Really Use Snapchat and Instagram, and Why Facebook Still Matters. Available at http://www.cnbc.com/2017/02/28/teen-internet-habits-instagram-snapchat-facebook-privacy.html.Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) The State of Aging & Health in America 2013. Atlanta, GA. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/features/agingandhealth/state_of_aging_and_health_in_america_2013.pdf.Google Scholar
Chan, M (2014) Multimodal connectedness and quality of life: examining the influences of technology adoption and interpersonal communication on well-being across the life span. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication 20, 3–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cherry, KE, Walker, EJ, Brown, JS, Volaufova, J, Lamotte, LR, Welsh, DA, Su, LJ, Jazwinski, SM, Ellis, R, Wood, RH and Frisard, MI (2013) Social engagement and health in younger, older, and oldest-old adults in the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study (LHAS). Journal of Applied Gerontology 32, 51–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chopik, WJ (2016) The benefits of social technology use among older adults are mediated by reduced loneliness. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 19, 551–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, S (2004) Social relationships and health. American Psychologist 59, 676–684.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cornwell, B, Laumann, EO and Schumm, LP (2008) The social connectedness of older adults: a national profile 2008. American Sociological Review 73, 185–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cotten, SR, Anderson, WA and McCullough, BM (2013) Impact of internet use on loneliness and contact with others among older adults: cross-sectional analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 15, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummings, SM (2002) Predictors of psychological well-being among assisted-living residents. Health & Social Work 27, 293–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cutrona, CE and Russell, DW (1987) The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress. In Jones, WH and Perlman, D (eds), Advances in Personal Relationships,Vol. 1. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, pp. 37–67.Google Scholar
Czaja, SJ, Charness, N, Fisk, AD, Hertzog, C, Nair, SN, Rogers, WA and Sharit, J (2006) Factors predicting the use of technology: findings from the Center for Research and Education on Aging and Technology Enhancement (CREATE). Psychology and Aging 21, 333–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Vries, B, Utz, R, Caserta, M and Lund, D (2014) Friend and family contact and support in early widowhood. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 69B, 75–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dienlin, T, Masur, PK and Trepte, S (2017) Reinforcement or displacement? The reciprocity of FtF, IM, and SNS communication and their effects on loneliness and life satisfaction. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication 22, 71–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donath, JS (2007) Signals in social supernets. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication 13, 231–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duggan, M and Brenner, J (2013) The Demographics of Social Media Users – 2012. Washington, DC. Available at http://pewinternet.org/~/media/Files/Reports/2013/PIP_SocialMediaUsers.pdf.Google Scholar
Duggan, M, Ellison, NB, Lampe, C, Lenhart, A and Madden, M (2014) Social Media Update 2014. Washington, DC. Available at http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2015/01/PI_SocialMediaUpdate20144.pdf.Google Scholar
Elder, GH (1998) The life course as developmental theory. Child Development 69, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellison, NB, Steinfield, C and Lampe, C (2007) The benefits of Facebook ‘friends’: social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication 12, 1143–1168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellison, NB, Vitak, J, Gray, R and Lampe, C (2014) Cultivating social resources on social network sites: Facebook relationship maintenance behaviors and their role in social capital processes. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication 19, 855–870.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellison, NB, Vitak, J, Steinfield, C, Gray, R and Lampe, C (2011) Negotiating privacy concerns and social capital needs in a social media environment. In Trepte, S and Reinecke, L (eds), Privacy Online: Perspectives on Privacy and Self-disclosure in the Social Web. Berlin: Springer, pp. 19–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fingerman, KL (2003) The consequential stranger: peripheral relationships across the life span. In Lang, FR, Fingerman, KL and Fitzpatrick, MA (eds), Growing Together: Personal Relationships Across the Life Span. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, KA and Maas, CD (2016) An exploratory factor analysis of the resource generator-United States: a social capital measure. British Journal of Social Work 46, 8–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredrickson, BL and Carstensen, LL (1990) Choosing social partners: how old age and anticipated endings make people more selective. Psychology and Aging 5, 335–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friemel, TN (2014) The digital divide has grown old: determinants of a digital divide among seniors. New Media & Society 18, 313–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fung, HH, Carstensen, LL and Lang, FR (2001) Age-related patterns in social networks among European Americans and African Americans: implications for socioemotional selectivity across the life span. International Journal of Aging and Human Development 52, 185–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibson, L, Moncur, W, Forbes, P, Arnott, JL, Martin, C and Bhachu, AS (2010) Designing social networking sites for older adults. In BCS ’10 Proceedings of the 24th BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference. Swinton, UK: British Computer Society, pp. 186–194.Google Scholar
Giele, JZ (2009) Using Life Course Theory to Interpret Life Stories. Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, CA, August.Google Scholar
Giele, JZ and Elder, G (1998) Life course research: development of a field. In Giele, JZ and JrElder, GH (eds), Methods of Life Course Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 5–27 .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwood, S, Perrin, A and Duggan, M (2016) Social Media Update 2016. Washington, DC. Available at http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/11/11/social-media-update-2016/.Google Scholar
Grieve, R, Indian, M, Witteveen, K, Tolan, GA and Marrington, J (2013) Face-to-face or Facebook: can social connectedness be derived online? Computers in Human Behavior 29, 604–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hafner, K (2016) Researchers confront an epidemic of loneliness. New York Times, September 6. Available at https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/06/health/lonliness-aging-health-effects.html.Google Scholar
Hargittai, E (2008) Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social network sites. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication 13, 276–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helsper, EJ and van Deursen, AJAM (2016) Do the rich get digitally richer? Quantity and quality of support for digital engagement. Information, Communication & Society 4462, 1–15.Google Scholar
Hendler, J and Golbeck, J (2008) Metcalfe's law, Web 2.0, and the semantic web. Web Semantics 6, 14–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holt-Lunstad, J, Smith, TB, Baker, M, Harris, T and Stephenson, D (2015) Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a metaanalysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science 10, 227–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hope, A, Schwaba, T and Piper, AM (2014) Understanding digital and material social communications for older adults. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI ’14. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 3903–3912.Google Scholar
Jelenchick, LA, Eickhoff, JC and Moreno, MA (2013) ‘Facebook depression?’ Social networking site use and depression in older adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 52, 128–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joinson, AN (2008) Looking at, looking up or keeping up with people? In Proceedings of the 26th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI ’08. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 1027–1036.Google Scholar
Kaplan, BH, Cassel, JC and Gore, S (1977) Social support and health. Medical Care 15, 47–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kwon, M-W, D'Angelo, J and McLeod, DM (2013) Facebook use and social capital: to bond, to bridge, or to escape. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 33, 35–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lampe, C, Vitak, J and Ellison, NB (2013) Users and nonusers: interactions between levels of Facebook adoption and social capital. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work – CSCW ’13. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 809–819.Google Scholar
Lansford, JE, Sherman, AM and Antonucci, TC (1998) Satisfaction with social networks: an examination of socioemotional selectivity theory across cohorts. Psychology and Aging 13, 544–552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, B, Chen, Y and Hewitt, L (2011) Age differences in constraints encountered by seniors in their use of computers and the internet. Computers in Human Behavior 27, 1231–1237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, K-T, Noh, M-J and Koo, D-M (2013) Lonely people are no longer lonely on social networking sites: the mediating role of self-disclosure and social support. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking 16, 413–418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, PSN, Leung, L, Lo, V, Xiong, C and Wu, T (2010) Internet communication versus face-to-face interaction in quality of life. Social Indicators Research 100, 375–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, RM and Robbins, SB (1995) Measuring belongingness: the social connectedness and the social assurance scales. Journal of Counseling Psychology 42, 232–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehtinen, V, Näsänen, J and Sarvas, R (2009) ‘A little silly and empty-headed’: older adults’ understandings of social networking sites. In Proceedings of the 23rd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Celebrating People and Technology. Swinton, UK: British Computer Society, pp. 45–54.Google Scholar
Leist, AK (2013) Social media use of older adults: a mini-review. Gerontology 59, 378–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leung, L (2010) Effects of internet connectedness and information literacy on quality of life. Social Indicators Research 98, 273–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, DZ, Walter, J and Murnighan, JK (2011) The power of reconnection: how dormant ties can surprise you. MIT Sloan Management Review 52, 45–50.Google Scholar
Lin, LY, Sidani, JE, Shensa, A, Radovic, A, Miller, E, Colditz, JB, Hoffman, BL, Giles, LM and Primack, BA (2016) Association between social media use and depression among U.S. young adults. Depression and Anxiety 33, 323–331.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lockenhoff, CE and Carstensen, LL (2004) Socioemotional selectivity theory, aging, and health: the increasingly delicate balance between regulating emotions and making tough choices. Journal of Personality 72, 1395–1424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luders, M and Brandtzæg, PB (2014) ‘My children tell me it's so simple’: a mixed-methods approach to understand older non-users’ perceptions of social networking sites. New Media & Society 19, 181–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luo, Y, Hawkley, LC, Waite, LJ and Cacioppo, JT (2012) Loneliness, health, and mortality in old age: a national longitudinal study. Social Science & Medicine 74, 907–914.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millward, P (2003) The ‘grey digital divide’: perception, exclusion and barriers of access to the internet for older people. First Monday 8. Available at https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v8i7.1066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nef, T, Ganea, RL, Müri, RM and Mosimann, UP (2013) Social networking sites and older users – a systematic review. International Psychogeriatrics/IPA 25, 1041–1053.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nutt, AE (2016) Loneliness can be lethal health risk, scientists say. The Washington Post, February 1, p. A01. Available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/loneliness-grows-from-individual-ache-to-public-health-hazard/2016/01/31/cf246c56-ba20-11e5-99f3-184bc379b12d_story.html.Google Scholar
O'Riordan, S, Feller, J and Nagle, T (2012) Exploring the affordances of social network sites: an analysis of three networks. In European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) 2012 Proceedings, Paper 177. Available at http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2012/177.Google Scholar
Pantell, M, Rehkopf, D, Jutte, D, Syme, SL, Balmes, J and Adler, N (2013) Social isolation: a predictor of mortality comparable to traditional clinical risk factors. American Journal of Public Health 103, 2056–2062.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perissinotto, CM, Stijacic Cenzer, I and Covinsky, KE (2012) Loneliness in older persons: A predictor of functional decline and death. Archives of Internal Medicine 172, 1078–1083.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, GR, Hoyt, DR, Babchuk, N, Kaiser, M and Iijima, Y (1987) Primary-group support systems of the aged. Research on Aging 9, 392–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenthal, RL (2008) Older computer-literate women: their motivations, obstacles, and paths to success. Educational Gerontology 34, 610–626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, DW (1996) UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment 66, 20–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryan, T and Xenos, S (2011) Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers in Human Behavior 27, 1658–1664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayago, S, Sloan, D and Blat, J (2011) Everyday use of computer-mediated communication tools and its evolution over time: an ethnographical study with older people. Interacting with Computers 23, 543–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seeman, TE (1996) Social ties and health: the benefits of social integration. Annals of Epidemiology 6, 442–451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seeman, TE, Miller-Martinez, DM, Stein Merkin, S, Lachman, ME, Tun, PA and Karlamangla, AS (2011) Histories of social engagement and adult cognition: midlife in the U.S. study. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 66B, i141–i152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Settersten, RA (2003) Invitation to the Life Course: Toward New Understandings of Later Life. Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Settersten, RA and Mayer, KU (1997) The measurement of age, age structuring, and the life course. Annual Review of Sociology 23, 233–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheldon, P (2012) Profiling the non-users: examination of life-position indicators, sensation seeking, shyness, and loneliness among users and non-users of social network sites. Computers in Human Behavior 28, 1960–1965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, TJ and Grieve, R (2017) Facebook as a source of social connectedness in older adults. Computers in Human Behavior 66, 363–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skues, JL, Williams, B and Wise, L (2012) The effects of personality traits, self-esteem, loneliness, and narcissism on Facebook use among university students. Computers in Human Behavior 28, 2414–2419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slegers, K, Van Boxtel, MPJ and Jolles, J (2008) Effects of computer training and Internet usage on the well-being and quality of life of older adults: a randomized, controlled study. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 63B, P176–P184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A (2014) Older Adults and Technology Use. Washington, DC. Available at http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/04/03/older-adults-and-technology-use/.Google Scholar
Smith, KP and Christakis, NA (2008) Social networks and health. Annual Review of Sociology 34, 405–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spiliotopoulos, T and Oakley, I (2013) Understanding motivations for Facebook use. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI ’13. New York, NY: ACM Press, p. 3287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinfield, C, Ellison, NB and Lampe, C (2008) Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: a longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 29, 434–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundar, SS and Hirsch, AO (2011) Retirees on Facebook: can online social networking enhance their health and wellness? In Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI ’11. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 2287–2292.Google Scholar
Uchino, BN, Cacioppo, JT and Kiecolt-Glaser, JK (1996) The relationship between social support and physiological processes: a review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health. Psychological Bulletin 119, 488–531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Deursen, AJAM and van Dijk, JAGM (2009) Improving digital skills for the use of online public information and services. Government Information Quarterly 26, 333–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandergaag, M and Snijders, T (2005) The resource generator: social capital quantification with concrete items. Social Networks 27, 1–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vitak, J (2014) Variations across relational and communicative properties. Societies 4, 561–586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vitak, J, Ellison, NB and Steinfield, C (2011) The ties that bond: re-examining the relationship between Facebook use and bonding social capital. In Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Kauai, HI: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallston, BS, Alagna, SW, DeVellis, BM and DeVellis, RF (1983) Social support and physical health. Health Psychology 2, 367–391.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, RS (1969) The fund of sociability – relationships with other people are essential and their loss can be traumatic. Trans-action 6, 36–43.Google Scholar
Whiting, A and Williams, D (2013) Why people use social media: A uses and gratifications approach. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 16, 362–369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, D (2006) On and off the ’net: scales for social capital in an online era. Journal of Computer-mediated Communication 11, 593–628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winningham, RG and Pike, NL (2007) A cognitive intervention to enhance institutionalized older adults’ social support networks and decrease loneliness. Aging & Mental Health 11, 716–721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wright, KB (2000) Computer-mediated social support, older adults, and coping. Journal of Communication 50, 100–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, Z and Tsui, AS (2007) When brokers may not work: the cultural contingency of social capital in Chinese high-tech firms. Administrative Science Quarterly 52, 1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, B, Watkins, I, Golbeck, J and Huang, M (2012) Understanding and changing older adults’ perceptions and learning of social media. Educational Gerontology 38, 282–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, RP, Ellison, NB and Lampe, C (2018) Facebook use and its role in shaping access to social benefits among older adults. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 62, 71–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Quinn supplementary material

Quinn supplementary material

Download Quinn supplementary material(File)
File 22.5 KB