Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:41:12.900Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

From shapes to topologies and back: an introduction to a general parametric shape grammar interpreter

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2018

Thomas Grasl Open the ORCID record for Thomas Grasl [Opens in a new window]  and
Athanassios Economou
Thomas Grasl*
Affiliation:
SWAP Architects, Austria
Athanassios Economou
Affiliation:
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Thomas Grasl, Neustiftgasse 32-34/2/8, 1070 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: tg@swap-zt.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The shape grammar formalism has been discussed theoretically extensively. Recently there has been increased activity in implementing shape grammar interpreters, yet there is a lack of implementations that support parametric rules and emergence. Here the structure of a general parametric shape grammar interpreter is discussed in detail. The interpreter is based on graph grammars. It supports emergence, parametric rules, and numerous types of geometric objects. The shape grammar engine, an agent-based rule selection system and several implementations based on the engine are discussed.

Keywords

Design educationgraph grammarsparametric shape grammar interpreterrule selection agents
Type
Regular Articles
Information
AI EDAM , Volume 32 , Special Issue 2: Advances in Implemented Shape Grammars: Solutions and Applications , May 2018 , pp. 208 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Chase, SC (2002) A model for user interaction in grammar-based design systems. Automation in Construction 11, 161–172.Google Scholar
Chau, HH, Chen, X, McKay, A and de Pennington, A (2004) Evaluation of a 3D shape grammar implementation. In Gero, JS (ed.). Design Computing and Cognition ‘04. Dordrecht: Kluwer, pp. 357–376.Google Scholar
Cormen, TH, Leiserson, CE, Rivest, RL and Stein, C (2001) Introduction to Algorithms, 2nd edn. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press and McGraw-Hill, Section 22.3.Google Scholar
Duarte, J (2005) Towards the mass customization of housing: the grammar of Siza's houses at Malagueira. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 32(3), 347–380.Google Scholar
Duarte, JP and Correia, R (2006) Implementing a description grammar for generating housing programs online. Construction Innovation 6, 203–216.Google Scholar
Economou, A and Grasl, T (2017) Paperless grammars. In Cultural DNA Workshop 2017, KAIST Graduate School of Culture Technology, Korea, 13th of January 2017.Google Scholar
Ertelt, C and Shea, K (2009) An application of shape grammars to planning for CNC machining. In Proceedings of the ASME 2009 IDETC/CIE Conference.Google Scholar
Flemming, U (1981) The secret of the Casa Giuliani Frigerio. Environment and Planning B 8(1), 87–96.Google Scholar
Gips, J (1999) Computer implementation of shape grammars. NSF/MIT Workshop on Shape Computation, http://www.shapegrammar.org/implementation.pdf.Google Scholar
Grasl, T and Economou, A (2013 a) From topologies to shapes. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 40(5), 905–922.Google Scholar
Grasl, T and Economou, A (2013 b) Unambiguity. In Conference Proceedings: Computation and Performance, eCAADe'13, Delft, The Netherlands, 18–20 September 2013.Google Scholar
Grasl, T and Economou, A (2014) Towards controlled grammars: approaches to automating rule selection for shape grammars. In Conference Proceedings: Fusion, eCAADe'14, Newcastle, UK, 10–12 September 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoisl, F and Shea, K (2011) An interactive, visual approach to developing and applying parametric 3D spatial grammars. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 25(4), 1–64.Google Scholar
Jakumeit, E, Buchwald, S and Kroll, M (2010) Grgen.NET. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT) 12(3), 263–271.Google Scholar
Jowers, I and Earl, C (2010) The construction of curved shapes. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 37, 42–58.Google Scholar
Knight, T (2003) Introduction to shape and shape grammars. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 7, 343–351.Google Scholar
Koning, H and Eizenberg, J (1981) The language of the prairie: Frank Lloyd Wright. Environment and Planning B 8(3), 295–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krishnamurti, R (1981) The construction of shapes. Environment and Planning B 8, 5–40.Google Scholar
Krishnamurti, R and Earl, CF (1992) Shape recognition in three dimensions. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 19, 585–603.Google Scholar
March, L and Steadman, P (1974) The Geometry of the Environment. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell, WJ (2002) Vitruvius Redux. In Antonsson, EK and Cagan, J (eds). Formal Engineering Design Synthesis. Cambridge University Press, pp. 93–125.Google Scholar
Park, J and Economou, A (2015) The dirksen variations: towards a generative description of Mies's courthouse language. In Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl, T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds). Real Time: Extending the Reach of Computation, Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference, Volume 1. Vienna, Austria: Vienna University of Technology, pp. 453–462.Google Scholar
Russell, S and Norvig, P (2013) Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Schulze, F (ed.) (1992) The Mies Van der Rohe archive. New York: Garland Publishing.Google Scholar
Stiny, G (1977) Ice-ray: a note on Chinese lattice designs. Environment and Planning B 4, 89–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stiny, G (1980) Introduction to shape and shape grammars. Environment and Planning B 7, 343–351.Google Scholar
Stiny, G (1981) A note on the description of designs. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 8, 257–267.Google Scholar
Stiny, G (2006) Shape: Talking about Seeing and Doing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stiny, G and Gips, J (1978) An evaluation of Palladian plans. Environment and Planning B 5(2), 199–206.Google Scholar
Stiny, G and Mitchell, WJ (1978) The Palladian grammar. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 5, 5–18.Google Scholar
Stouffs, R (2018) Description grammars: a general notation. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 45(1), 106–123.Google Scholar
Stouffs, R and Krishnamurti, R (1993) The complexity of the maximal representation of shapes. In Conference Proceedings: IFIP Workshop on Formal Methods for Computer-Aided Design, June 1993, pp. 53–66.Google Scholar
Strobbe, T, Pauwels, P, Verstraeten, R and De Meyer, R (2015) Toward a visual approach in the exploration of shape grammars. AI EDAM 29(4), 503–521.Google Scholar
Trescak, T, Esteva, M and Rodriguez, I (2009) General shape grammar interpreter for intelligent designs generations. In Werner, B (ed.). Proceedings of the Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization 2009. Washington, DC: IEEE, pp. 235–240.Google Scholar
Wolter, JD, Woo, TC and Volz, RA (1985) Optimal algorithms for symmetry detection in two and three dimensions. The Visual Computer 1(1), 37–48.Google Scholar
Wonka, P, Wimmer, M, Sillion, F and Ribarsky, W (2003) Instant architecture. ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery 22(4), 669–677.Google Scholar
Yue, K, Krishnamurti, R and Grobler, F (2009) Computation-friendly shape grammars: detailed by a sub-framework over parametric 2D rectangular shapes. In Tidafi, T and Dorta, T (eds). Joining Languages, Cultures and Visions: CAADFutures 2009. Montreal: University of Montreal, pp. 757–770.Google Scholar