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Consolidation and Hierarchy: Chiefdom Variability in the Mississippian Southeast

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Robin A. Beck Jr.
Robin A. Beck Jr.*
Affiliation:
Dept. of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60208
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Abstract

Explaining variability among Mississippian period (A.D. 1000-1600) chiefdoms has become a key research aim for archaeologists in the southeastern United States. One type of variability, in which simple and complex chiefdoms are distinguished by the number of levels of regional hierarchy, has dominated chiefdom research in this part of the world. The simple-complex chiefdom model is less applicable to the Mississippian Southeast, however, as there is little empirical evidence that chiefdoms here varied along this quantitative dimension. This article offers a qualitative model in which regional hierarchies are distinguished by the manner in which authority is ceded or delegated between an apical or regional chief and constituent, community-level leaders; chiefly power may be ceded from local-level leaders upward to the regional chief or delegated from the regional chief downward to local leaders. This apical-constituent model addresses variation in the administrative structures of chiefdoms: it is not a chiefdom typology. The model is used to contrast two Mississippian polities, Moundville in west-central Alabama and Powers Fort in southeastern Missouri, and illustrates variability in the process by which local communities were integrated into regional institutions.

Résumé

Résumé

La explicación de la variabilidad de los cacicazgos del periodo Misisipiano (1000-1600 d.C.) se ha convertido en un objetivo clave de investigación entre los arqueólogos que se centran en el estudio del sureste de los Estados Unidos. Un tipo de variación, en el que se distinguen cacicazgos simples y complejos por el número de niveles de jerarquización regional, ha dominado los estudios sobre los cacicazgos o jefaturas en esta parte del mundo. El modelo de jefaturas simples-complejas es poco aplicable al sureste Misisipiano dada la escasa evidencia empírica de variabilidad en esta dimensión cuantitativa de los cacicazgos de la región. En este artículo se propone un modelo cualitativo en el que las jerarquías regionales se distinguen por la dirección en la que se cede o delega la autoridad entre el cacique regional o que ocupa la posición jerárquica más alta y los líderes constituyentes de las comunidades locales. El poder del cacique puede ser cedido hacia arriba, de los jefes locales al cacique regional, o delegado hacia abajo, del cacique regional a los jefes locales. Este modelo sugiere variaciones en las estructuras de poder administrativo de los cacicazgos: no es una tipología de jefaturas. El modelo se utiliza para comparar dos unidades sociopolíticas, Moundville en el centro-oeste de Alabama y Powers Fort en el sureste de Misuri, e ilustra la variabilidad en el proceso por el que las comunidades locales fueron integradas en instituciones regionales.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 68 , Issue 4 , October 2003 , pp. 641 - 661
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2003

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