Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T01:47:04.977Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Impact of Raw-Material Scarcity on Ground-Stone Manufacture and Use: An Example from the Phoenix Basin Hohokam

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Tammy Stone
Tammy Stone*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Current models of ground-stone design, which relate tool morphology and size to subsistence economies, are based on assumptions of energy efficiency and processing constraints of the foodstuffs being ground. These models do not consider the impact of raw-material scarcity on ground-stone technologies. This impact is investigated here using an assemblage from the Classic-period Hohokam site of Pueblo Grande, Arizona. The current model of ground-stone design is modified to account for raw-material scarcity. Specifically, it is demonstrated that raw-material scarcity affects ground-stone manufacture, use, and discard patterns. It is argued here that studies using ground-stone assemblages to reconstruct subsistence economies must take these factors into consideration in areas where raw-material scarcity occurs.

Resumen

Resumen

Los modelos actuates de diseño de piedras de moler, que relacionan la morfología de la herramienta y el tamaño con las economías de subsistencia, se basan en suposiciones sobre la eficiencia en el uso de energía y las limitaciones de procesamiento de los alimentos que se muelen. Estos modelos no consideran el impacto de la escasez de materia prima en las tecnologías de piedras de moler. Este impacto se investiga aquí usando un conjunto arqueológico perteneciente al período Clásico Hohokam en el sitio Pueòlo Grande en Arizona. El modelo actual de diseño de piedras de moler se modifica para incluir el factor de escasez de materia prima. Especificamente se demuestra que la escasez de materia prima afecta la manufactura, uso, y desecho de piedras de moler. Aquí se arguye que los estudios que usan conjuntos de piedras de moler para reconstruir economías de subsistencia deben tomar estos factores en consideración en áreas donde la materia prima es escasa.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 59 , Issue 4 , October 1994 , pp. 680 - 694
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Ackerly, N. W., and Henderson, T. K. 1989 Prehistoric Agricultural Activities on the Lehi-Mesa Terrace : Perspectives on Hohokam Irrigation Cycles. Northland Research, Flagstaff Google Scholar
Adams, J. L. 1988 Use-Wear Analysis on Manos and Hide-Processing Stones. Journal of Field Archaeology 15 : 307–315.Google Scholar
Adams, J. L. 1993 Technological Development of Manos and Metates on the Hopi Mesas. The Kiva 58 : 331–344.Google Scholar
Andrefsky, W. Jr. 1994 Raw-Material Availability and the Organization of Technology. American Antiquity 59 : 21–35.Google Scholar
Bamforth, D. B. 1986 Tecnological Efficiency and Tool Curation. American Antiquity 51 : 38–50.Google Scholar
Bartlett, K. 1933 Pueblo Milling Stones of the Flagstaff Region and Their Relation to Others in the Southwest. Bulletin No. 3. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.Google Scholar
Barton, C. M. 1988 Lithic Variability in Middle Paleolithic Behavior : New Evidence from the Iberian Peninsula. BAR International Series 408. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.Google Scholar
Barton, C. M. 1990 Beyond Style and Function : A View from the Middle Paleolithic. American Anthropologist 92 : 57–72.Google Scholar
Bohrer, V. L. 1991 Recently Recognized Cultivated and Encouraged Plants Among the Hohokam. The Kiva 56 : 227–237.Google Scholar
Bostwick, T. W., and Burton, J. H. 1989 An Initial Study of Basalt Sources in Central Arizona Used for Hohokam Grinding Implements. Paper presented at the 1989 spring conference of the Arizona Archaeological Council, Flagstaff.Google Scholar
Bostwick, T. W., and Burton, J. H. 1993 A Study in Sourcing Hohokam Basalt Ground Stone Implements. The Kiva 357–372.Google Scholar
Bruder, J. S. 1983 Archaeological Investigations in the Adobe Dam Project Area. Research Paper No. 27. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff.Google Scholar
Cable, J. S. 1988 Archaeological Testing Along the Hohokam Expressway Corridor East of Pueblo Grande, Phoenix, Arizona : Results and Preliminary Research Design for Data Recovery. Technical Reports No. 88-21. Soil Systems, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Crown, P. L. 1991 The Hohokam : Current Views of Prehistory and the Regional System. In Chaco and Hohokam, edited by Crown, P. L. and Judge, W. J., pp. 135–158. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Dean, J. S. 1991 Thoughts on Hohokam Chronology. In Exploring the Hohokam, edited by Gumerman, G. J., pp. 61–150. Amerind Foundation, Dragoon, Arizona.Google Scholar
Doyel, D. E. 1985 Exchange and Interaction. In Hohokam Settlement and Economic Systems in the Central New River Drainage, edited by Doyel, D. E. and Elson, M. D., pp. 715–726. Publications in Archaeology No. 4. Soil Systems, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Doyel, D. E., and Elson, M. D. (editors) 1985 Hohokam Settlement and Economic Systems in the Central New River Drainage. Publications in Archaeology No. 4. Soil Systems, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Drosendahl, J. K. 1989 Environmental Geology of the Rio Salado Development District-Eastern Part, Maricopa County, Arizona. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Geology, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Eddy, F. W. 1964 Metates and Manos, the Basic Corn Grinding Tools of the Southwest. Museum of New Mexico Press, Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Euler, R. T. 1989 New River Andesite Study. In The 1982-1984 Excavations at Las Colinas, Special Studies and Data Tables, edited by Gregory, D. A., pp. 85–89. Archaeological Series 162, Vol. 7. Arizona State Museum, Tucson.Google Scholar
Euler, R. C, and Dobyns, H. F. 1983 The Ethnoarchaeology of Pai Milling Stones. In Collected Papers in Honor of Charlie R. Stein, Jr., edited by Ford, N. L., pp. 253–267. Paper No. 8. Archaeological Society of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Euler, R. T., and Gregory, D. A. 1988 Pecked, Ground and Polished Stone Artifacts. In The 1982-1984 Excavations at Las Colinas, Material Culture, edited by Gregory, D. A., pp. 299–318. Archaeological Series 162, Vol. 14. Cultural Resource Management Division of Arizona State Museum, Tucson.Google Scholar
Gasser, R. E. 1981 Hohokam Use of Desert Plant Foods. Desert Plants 3 : 216–235.Google Scholar
Gasser, R. E., and Kwiatkowski, S. M. 1991a Food for Thought : Recognizing Patterns in Hohokam Subsistence. In Exploring the Hohokam, Prehistoric Desert Peoples of the American Southwest, edited by Gumerman, G. J., pp. 417–460. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Gasser, R. E., and Kwiatkowski, S. M. 1991b Regional Signatures of Hohokam Plant Use. The Kiva 56 : 207–226.Google Scholar
Gorman, F. 1979 An Inventory System Perspective of Ground Stone Artifact Use-Wear at the Joint Site. In Lithic Use-Wear Analysis, edited by Hayden, B., pp. 39–55. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Greenwald, D. M. 1990 A Functional Evaluation of Hohokam Food Grinding Systems. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff.Google Scholar
Hard, R. J. 1986 Ecological Relationships Affecting the Rise of Farming Economies : A Test from the American Southwest. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, 'Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Hard, R. J. 1990 Agricultural Dependence in the Mountain Mogollon. In Perspectives on Southwestern Prehistory, edited by Minnis, P. E. and Redman, C. L., pp. 135–149. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.Google Scholar
Hard, R. J., and Yener, A. 1991 The Function of Anatolian Ground and Battered Tools. Paper presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans.Google Scholar
Haury, E. 1976 The Hohokam : Desert Farmers and Craftsmen, Excavations at Snaketown, 1964-1965. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Hayden, B. 1987 Traditional Metate Manufacturing in Guatemala Using Chipped Stone Tools. In Lithic Studies Among Contemporary Highland Maya, edited by Hayden, B., pp. 8–119. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Hayden, B., and Nelson, M. 1981 The Use of Chipped Lithic Material in the Contemporary Maya Highlands. American Antiquity 46 : 885–898.Google Scholar
Hodgson, W. C. 1982 Edible Native and Naturalized Plants of the Sonoran Desert North of Mexico. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Botany, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Hoffman, C. M. 1988 Lithic Technology and Tool Production at Casa Buena. In Excavations at Casa Buena : Changing Hohokam Land Use Along the Squaw Peak Parkway, edited by Howard, J. B., pp. 359–458. Publications in Archaeology No. 11. Soil Systems, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Hoffman, T. L., and Doyel, D. E. 1985 Ground Stone Tool Production in the New River Basin. In Hohokam Settlement and Economic Systems in the Central New River Drainage Arizona, edited by Doyel, D. E. and Elson, M. D., pp. 521–564. Publications in Archaeology No. 4. Soil Systems, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Hoffman, T. L., Doyel, D. E., and Elson, M. D. 1985 Ground Stone Tool Production in the New River Basin. In Proceedings of the 1983 Hohokam Symposium, edited by Dittert, A. E. Jr., and Dove, D. E., pp. 655–686. Occasional Paper No. 2. Phoenix Chapter of the Arizona Archaeological Society, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Horsfall, G. A. 1987 Design Theory and Grinding Stones. In Lithic Studies Among Contemporary Highland Maya, edited by Hayden, B., pp. 332–377. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Howard, J. B. 1990 Paleohydraulics : Modeling the Operation and Evolution of an Irrigation Community. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Kokalis, P. G. 1971 Terraces of the Lower Salt River Valley, Arizona. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Geology, University of Arizona, Tempe.Google Scholar
Lancaster, J. 1983 An Analysis of Manos and Metates from the Mimbres Valley, New Mexico. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Landis, D. G. 1988 East Papago Freeway Corridor Lithic Assemblages. In Arizona Department of Transportation Archaeological Testing Program : Part 2, East Papago Freeway, edited by Landis, D. G., pp. 183–206. Publications in Archaeology No. 13. Soil Systems, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Landis, D. G., and Mitchell, D. R. 1990 The Lithic Assemblages of La Lomita. In The La Lomita Excavations : 10th Century Hohokam Occupation in South-Central Arizona, edited by Mitchell, D. R., pp. 103–125. Publications in Archaeology No. 15. Soil Systems, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Logan, E. N., and Fratt, L. 1993 Pigment Processing at Homol'ovi III : A Preliminary Study. The Kiva 58 : 415–428.Google Scholar
Masse, B. W. 1981 Prehistoric Irrigation Systems in the Salt River Valley, Arizona. Science 214 : 408–445.Google Scholar
Masse, B. W. 1991 The Quest for Subsistence Sufficiency and Civilization in the Sonoran Desert. In Chaco and Hohokam, edited by Crown, P. L. and Judge, W. J., pp. 195–252. School of American Research, Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Mauldin, R. 1986 Settlement and Subsistence Patterns During the Pueblo Period on Fort Bliss, Texas : A Model. In Mogollon Variability, edited by Benson, C. and Upham, S., pp. 255–270. Occasional Papers No. 15. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces.Google Scholar
Mauldin, R. 1991 Thumping and Grinding : Ethnographic Observations on Ground Stone from the Andes. Paper presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans.Google Scholar
Mauldin, R. 1993 The Relationship Between Ground Stone and Agricultural Intensification in Western New Mexico. The Kiva 58 : 317–330.Google Scholar
Miksicek, C. H., and Gasser, R. E. 1989 Hohokam Plant Use at Las Colinas : The Flotation Evidence. In The 1982-1984 Excavations at Las Colinas, Environment and Subsistence, edited by Graybill, D. A., pp. 95–116. Archaeological Series 162, Vol. 5. Arizona State Museum, Tucson.Google Scholar
Mitchell, D. R. 1989a La Lomita Pequena : Relationships Between Plant Resource Variability and Settlement Patterns in the Phoenix Basin. The Kiva 54 : 127–146.Google Scholar
Mitchell, D. R. 1989b The Grand Canal Ground Stone Assemblage. In Archaeological Investigations at the Grand Canal Ruins : A Classic Period Site in Phoenix, Arizona, edited by Mitchell, D. R., pp. 443–467. Publications in Archaeology No. 12. Soil Systems, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Mitchell, D. R. 1992 Burial Practices and Paleodemographic Reconstructions at Pueblo Grande. The Kiva 58 : 89–105.Google Scholar
Nelson, M. C, and Lippmeier, H. 1993 Grinding-Tool Design as Conditioned by Land-Use Pattern. American Antiquity 58 : 286–305.Google Scholar
Odell, G. H. 1989 Fitting Analytical Techniques to Prehistoric Problems with Lithic Data. In Alternative Approaches to Lithic Analysis, edited by Henry, D. O. and Odell, G. H., pp. 159–182. Archeological Papers No. 1. American Anthropological Association, Washington, D. C. Google Scholar
Pewe, T. L. 1978 Terraces of the Lower Salt River Valley in Relation to the Late Cenozoic History of the Phoenix Basin, Arizona. In Guidebook to the Geology of Central Arizona, edited by Burt, D. M. and Pewe, T. L., pp. 1–13. Special Paper No. 2. Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Russell, F. 1980 The Pima Indians. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Schaller, D. M. 1985 Petrographic Analysis of Ground Stone Artifacts. In Hohokam Settlement and Economic Systems in the Central New River Drainage, Arizona, edited by Doyel, D. E. and Elson, M. D., pp. 779–782. Publications in Archaeology No. 4. Soil Systems, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Schaller, D. M., and Mitchell, D. R. 1988 Ground Stone Artifact Petrography : Geology and Archaeology of Local Trade Patterns for the Phoenix Basin. Paper presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Schlanger, S. H. 1990 Artifact Assemblage Composition and Site Occuaption Duration. In Perspectives on Southwestern Prehistory, edited by Minnis, P. E. and Redman, C. L., pp. 103–121. Westview Press, Boulder.Google Scholar
Schlanger, S. H. 1991 On Manos, Metates, and the History of Site Occupations. American Antiquity 56 : 460–473.Google Scholar
Stone, T. 1991a Inferences of Occupational History and Function of Small Sites from Ground Stone. Paper presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans. Google Scholar
Stone, T. 1991b Ground Stone. In The Cemetery and Architectural Features of the Stadium Locus ofTempe Plaza (AZ U : 9 : 72ASU), edited by Stone, T., pp. 50–54. Office of Cultural Resource Management Report No. 79. Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Stone, T. 1992 Groundstone Artifacts. In Material Culture : Lithics, Shell, Bone, and Ornaments, edited by Foster, M. S.. Hohokam Expressway Data Recovery Project, vol 4. Soil Systems, Tempe, in press.Google Scholar
Woodbury, R. B. 1954 Prehistoric Stone Implements of Northeastern Arizona. Reports of the Awatovi Expedition No. 6. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnography Vol. 34. Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar