Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T04:30:43.138Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE MORRO BAY FAUNA: EVIDENCE FOR A MEDIEVAL DROUGHTS REFUGIUM ON THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2017

Terry L. Jones ,
Deborah A. Jones ,
Kacey Hadick ,
Kenneth W. Gobalet ,
Judith F. Porcasi  and
William R. Hildebrandt
Terry L. Jones
Affiliation:
Department of Social Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
Deborah A. Jones*
Affiliation:
Far Western Anthropological Research Group, 1725 Diablo Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93405, USA
Kacey Hadick
Affiliation:
Far Western Anthropological Research Group, 2727 Del Rio Place, Suite A, Davis, CA 95618, USA
Kenneth W. Gobalet
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Emeritus, California State University, Bakersfield, CA 93311 Current Address: 625 Wisconsin St., San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
Judith F. Porcasi
Affiliation:
Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
William R. Hildebrandt
Affiliation:
Far Western Anthropological Research Group, 2727 Del Rio Place, Suite A, Davis, CA 95618, USA
*
(Tljones@calpoly.edu, corresponding author)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A robust collection of mammal, bird, fish, and shellfish remains from an 8,000-year residential sequence at Morro Bay, a small, isolated estuary on the central California coast, shows a strong focus on marine species during the Middle-Late Transition cultural phase (950–700 cal B.P.), which largely coincides with the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA). Previous studies have provided modest evidence for increased fishing and rabbit hunting during the MCA in adjacent regions, but the Morro Bay findings suggest a distinctive marine-focused subsistence refugium during the period of drought. Specifically, the sequence shows striking all-time peaks in marine and estuarine birds, fish NISP/m3, and fish/deer + rabbits during the MCA. Heavy exploitation of fish, aquatic birds, rabbits, and shellfish suggests that the bow and arrow, which seems to have arrived in the area at this time, had little impact on local subsistence strategies.

La secuencia residencial de unos 8,000 años de duración procedente de Morro Bay (un pequeño estuario aislado en la costa central de California, Estados Unidos) está compuesta por un gran conjunto faunístico que incluye restos de mamíferos, aves, peces y mariscos. Dicho conjunto faunístico indica una fuerte dependencia de las especies marinas durante la fase cultural de la Transición Media-Tardía (950–700 cal a.P.), la cual coincide plenamente con la anomalía climática medieval (MCA). Algunos estudios previos han mostrado modestas evidencias sobre el incremento de la pesca y la caza de lepóridos durante la MCA en las regiones adyacentes. Sin embargo, en Morro Bay los hallazgos sugieren la presencia de un refugio basado en los recursos marinos a nivel de subsistencia durante el periodo de sequía. Específicamente, la secuencia muestra unos picos nunca antes vistos en el número de especímenes identificados (NISP) por metro cúbico de restos de aves marinas y de estuario, mariscos y peces en proporción a la cantidad de cérvidos y lepóridos durante el MCA. La intensa explotación de la pesca, las aves acuáticas, los lepóridos y los mariscos sugieren que la llegada del arco y la flecha, coincidente con el mismo periodo, tuvo un impacto reducido en las estrategias de subsistencia locales.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 82 , Issue 2 , April 2017 , pp. 203 - 222
Copyright
Copyright © 2017 by the Society for American Archaeology 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Antevs, Ernst 1948 Climatic Changes and Pre-white Man. University of Utah Bulletin 38:168–191.Google Scholar
Antevs, Ernst 1955 Geologic-Climatic Dating in the West. American Antiquity 20:317–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, Jeanne E. 1992 Complex Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers of Prehistoric California: Chiefs, Specialists, and Maritime Adaptations of the Channel Islands. American Antiquity 57:60–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnold, Jeanne E., and Walsh, Michael R. 2010 California's Ancient Past: From the Pacific to the Range of Light. SAA Press, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Barron, John A., Bukry, David, and Hendy, Ingrid L. 2015 High-Resolution Paleoclimatology of the Santa Barbara Basin during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Early Little Ice Age Based on Diatom and Silicoflagellate Assemblages in Kasten Core SPR0901-02KC. Quaternary International 387:13–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basgall, Mark E. 1999 Comment on Environmental Imperatives Reconsidered: Demographic Crises in Western North America during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. Current Anthropology 40:157–158.Google Scholar
Basgall, Mark E. 2008 An Archaeological Assessment of Late Holocene Environmental Change in the Southwestern Great Basin. In Avocados to Millingstones: Papers in Honor of D. L. True, edited by Waugh, Georgie and Basgall, Mark E., pp. 251–267. Archaeological Research Center, California State University, Sacramento.Google Scholar
Baumhoff, Martin A., and Heizer, Robert F. 1965 Postglacial Climate and Archaeology in the Desert West. In The Quaternary of the United States, edited by Wright, Herbert E. and Frey, David G., pp. 697–708. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Benson, Larry V., and Berry, Michael S. 2009 Climate Change and Cultural Response in the Prehistoric American Southwest. Kiva 75:87–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benson, Larry, Berry, Michael S., Jolie, Edward A., Spangler, Jerry D., Stahle, David W., and Hattori, Eugene M. 2007 Possible Impacts of Early 11th-, Middle 12th-, and Late 13th-Century Droughts on Western Native Americans and the Mississippian Cahokians. Quaternary Science Reviews 26:336–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benson, Larry, Pauketat, Timothy R., and Cook, Edward R. 2009 Cahokia's Boom and Bust in the Context of Climate Change. American Antiquity 74:467–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, Michael S., and Benson, Larry V. 2010 Tree-Ring Dates and Demographic Change in the Southern Plateau and Rio Grande Regions. In Leaving Mesa Verde: Peril and Change in the Thirteenth-Century Southwest, edited by Kohler, Timothy A, Varien, Mark D., and Wright, Aaron M., pp. 53–74. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Bertrando, Ethan 2000 Phase III Cultural Resource Mitigation (Data Recovery, Capping, and Monitoring) (CA-SLO-1212), Los Osos Valley Road, Los Osos, California. Submitted to Department of Public Works, County of San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, California. Copies available from Central Coast Information Center, University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar
Bertrando, Ethan 2004a Data Recovery and Archaeological Monitoring of the Amyx Parcel, 550 Mimosa Street, APN: 068-231-015 (CA-SLO-165), Morro Bay, California. Submitted to Department of Public Works, County of San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, California. Copies available from Central Coast Information Center, University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar
Bertrando, Ethan 2004b Phase 3 Data Recovery and Mitigation of CA-SLO-1795, 1319 Los Osos Valley Road, Los Osos, California. Submitted to Department of Public Works, County of San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, California. Copies available from Central Coast Information Center, University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar
Bertrando, Ethan 2006 Hunter-Gatherers in the Morro Bay Watershed 3650 Years Ago: Settlement, Subsistence, and Technology during an Archaeological Point in Time. Proceedings of the Society for California Archaeology 19:211–219.Google Scholar
Bettinger, Robert L. 1999 Comment on Environmental Imperatives Reconsidered: Demographic Crises in Western North America during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. Current Anthropology 40:157–158.Google Scholar
Bettinger, Robert L. 2015 Orderly Anarchy: Sociopolitical Evolution in Native California. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Billman, Brian R., Lambert, Patricia M., and Leonard, Banks L. 2000 Cannibalism, Warfare, and Drought in the Mesa Verde Region during the Twelfth Century A.D. American Antiquity 65:145–178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Binford, Lewis R. 1978 Nunamuit Ethnoarchaeology. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Binford, Lewis R. 1980 Willow Smoke and Dogs’ Tails: Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems and Archaeological Site Formation. American Antiquity 45:4–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boone, Christie M. 2012 Integrating Zooarchaeology and Modeling: Trans-Holocene Fishing in Monterey Bay, California. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz.Google Scholar
Boxt, Matthew A., Raab, L. Mark, Davis, Owen K., and Pope, Kevin O. 1999 Extreme Late Holocene Climate Change in Coastal California. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 35 (3/2):25–37.Google Scholar
Brill, James M. 2014 The Technology of Violence and Cultural Evolution in the Santa Barbara Channel Region. In Violence and Warfare among Hunter-gatherers, edited by Allen, Mark W. and Jones, Terry L., pp. 314–332. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Broughton, Jack M. 1997 Widening Diet Breadth, Declining Foraging Efficiency, and Prehistoric Harvest Pressure: Ichthyofaunal Evidence from the Emeryville Shellmound, California. Antiquity 71:845–862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broughton, Jack M. 1999 Resource Depression and Intensification during the Late Holocene, San Francisco Bay: Evidence from the Emeryville Shellmound Vertebrate Fauna. University of California Anthropological Records 32. University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Byrne, Robert 1979 Commentary on “Archaeology and California's Climate.” Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 1:196–198.Google Scholar
Clemmer, John S. 1962 Archaeological Notes on a Chumash House Floor at Morro Bay. Submitted to California Department of Parks and Recreation. Copies available from California Department of Parks and Recreation, Sacramento, California.Google Scholar
Codding, Brian F., and Jones, Terry L. 2007 History and Behavioral Ecology during the Middle-Late Transition on the Central California Coast: Findings from the Coon Creek Site (CA-SLO-9), San Luis Obispo County. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 27:23–49.Google Scholar
Codding, Brian F., Jones, Terry L., and Porcasi, Judith F. 2010 Explaining Prehistoric Variation in the Abundance of Large Prey: A Zooarchaeological Analysis of Deer and Rabbit Hunting along the Pecho Coast of Central California. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 29:47–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, Gregory E. 2010 Bone Fragmentation as an Indicator of Subsistence Stress in the North Coast Ranges of California. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, California State University, Chico.Google Scholar
Cook, Edward R., Woodhouse, Connie A., Eakin, C. Mark, Meko, David M., and Stahle, David W. 2004 Long-Term Aridity Changes in the Western United States. Science 306:1015–1018.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooper, William Skinner 1967 Coastal Dunes of California. Memoir 104, Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Currey, Donald R., and James, Steven R. 1982 Paleoenvironments of the Northeastern Great Basin and Northeastern Basin Rim Region: A Review of Geological and Biological Evidence. In Man and Environment in the Great Basin, edited by Madsen, David. B. and O'Connell, James, pp. 27–52. SAA Papers No. 2, Society for American Archaeology, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Dallas, Herb Jr. 1992 Hunters and Gatherers at CA-SLO-977, San Luis Obispo County. In Archaeological Investigations of Some Significant Sites on the Central Coast of California, edited by Dallas, Herb Jr. and Breschini, Gary S., pp. 1–37. Archives of California Prehistory 37. Coyote Press, Salinas, California.Google Scholar
Dean, Jeffrey S., Euler, Robert C., Gumerman, George J., Plog, Fred, Hevly, Richard H., and Karlstrom, Thor N. V. 1985 Human Behavior, Demography, and Paleoenvironment on the Colorado Plateau. American Antiquity 50:537–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
deMenocal, Peter B. 2001 Cultural Responses to Climate Change during the Late Holocene. Science 292:667–673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Oro, Stella 2009 Native Californian Prehistory and Climate in the San Francisco Bay Area Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, San Jose State University, San Jose, California.Google Scholar
Edell, Tom 2006 The Birds of San Luis Obispo County, California. Morro Coast Audubon Society. Morro Bay, California.Google Scholar
Far Western Anthropological Research Group 2016 Archaeological Investigations for the Los Osos Wastewater Project, San Luis Obispo County, California. Submitted to Department of Public Works, County of San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, California. Copies available from Central Coast Information Center, University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar
Farquhar, Jennifer M. 2003 Organization of Flaked Stone Technology and Settlement Mobility on the South Central Coast of California: A Perspective from Diablo Canyon and Point Sal. Unpublished Master's thesis, California State University, Sacramento.Google Scholar
Fierstine, Harry L., Kline, Kurt F., and Garman, Gregory R. 1973 Fishes Collected in Morro Bay, California between January 1968 and December 1970. California Fish and Game 59:73–88.Google Scholar
Fischman, Joshua 1996 California Social Climbers: Low Water Prompts High Status. Science 272:811–812.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fitch, John 1972 Fish Remains, Primarily Otoliths from CA-SLO-2, Diablo Canyon. In 9000 Years of Prehistory at Diablo Canyon, San Luis Obispo County, California, edited by Greenwood, Roberta, pp. 101–120. Occasional Paper No. 7, San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society, San Luis Obispo.Google Scholar
Gamble, Lynn H. 2005 Culture and Climate: Reconsidering the Effect of Palaeoclimatic Variability among southern California Hunter-Gatherer Societies. World Archaeology 37:92–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, Jill K. 2006 The Potential Impact of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly on Human Populations in the Western Mojave Desert. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology and Ethnic Studies, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.Google Scholar
Gause, Seana L. S. 2002 Ecology and Prey Characteristics of Fish Species found in the Vicinity of San Simeon Reef. In Prehistory at San Simeon Reef: Archaeological Data Recovery at CA-SLO-179 and -267, San Luis Obispo County, California. San Luis Obispo County, edited by Jones, Terry L. and Ferneau, Jennifer A., pp. 409–427. Occasional Papers No. 16, San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society, San Luis Obispo.Google Scholar
Gerdes, Gene L., and Browning, Bruce M. 1974 Natural Resources of Morro Bay: Their Status and Future. Coastal Wetland Series No. 8. State of California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento.Google Scholar
Gilreath, Amy J. 1995 Archaeological Evaluations of Thirteen Sites for the Ash Creek Project, Inyo County, California. Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Davis. Prepared for the California Department of Transportation, Sacramento. Copies available from California Historic Resource Information System, Eastern Information Center, University of California, Riverside.Google Scholar
Gilreath, Amy J., and Hildebrandt, William R. 1997 Prehistoric Use of the Coso Volcanic Field. Contributions of the University of California Archaeological Research Facility, No. 56. University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Gobalet, Kenneth W., and Jones, Terry L. 1995 Prehistoric Native American Fisheries of the Central California Coast. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124:813–823.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golla, Victor 2011 California Indian Languages. University of California Press, Berkeley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, Nicholas E., Hughes, Malcolm K., Ammann, Caspar M., Cobb, Kim M., Hoerling, Martin P., Kennett, Douglas J., Kennett, James P., Rein, Bert, Stott, Lowell, Wigand, Peter E., and Xu, Taiyi 2007 Tropical Pacific–Mid-latitude Teleconnections in Medieval Times. Climate Change 83:241–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, N. E., Ammann, C. M., Fleitmann, D., Cobb, K. M., and Luterbacher, J. 2011 Support for Global Climate Reorganization during the “Medieval Climate Anomaly.” Climate Dynamics 37:1217–1245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graumlich, Lisa J. 1993 A 1000-Year Record of Temperature and Precipitation in the Sierra Nevada. Quaternary Research 39:249–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herweijer, Celine, Seager, Richard, and Cook, Edward R. 2006 North American Droughts of the Mid to Late Nineteenth Century: A History, Simulation and Implication for Mediaeval Drought. Holocene 16:159–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hildebrandt, William R., McGuire, Kelly R., and Rosenthal, Jeffrey S. 2010 Human Behavioral Ecology and Historical Contingency: A Comment on the Diablo Canyon Archaeological Record. American Antiquity 75:679–688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoover, Robert L. 1970 The Vascular Plants of San Luis Obispo County, California. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Ingram, B. Lynn, and Southon, John R. 1996 Reservoir Ages in Eastern Pacific Coastal and Estuarine Waters. Radiocarbon 38:573–582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jameson, Everett W. Jr., and Peeters, Hans J. 1988 California Mammals. University of California Press, Berkeley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jennings, Jesse D. 1964 The Desert West. In Prehistoric Man in the New World, edited by Jennings, Jesse D. and Norbeck, Edward, pp. 149–174. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.Google Scholar
Johnson, John R. 2004 Social Responses to Climate Change among the Chumash Indians of South-central California. In Prehistoric California: Archaeology and the Myth of Paradise, edited by Raab, L. Mark and Jones, Terry L., pp. 149–159. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Jones, Terry L. 2003 Prehistoric Human Ecology of the Big Sur Coast, California. Contributions of the University of California Archaeological Research Facility No. 61. University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Jones, Terry L., and Brown, Gary M. 1999 Reply to Comments on: Environmental Imperatives Reconsidered: Demographic Crises in western North America during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. Current Anthropology 40:162–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Terry L., Brown, Gary, Raab, L. Mark, McVickar, Janet, Spaulding, Geoffrey, Kennett, Douglas J., York, Andrew, and Walker, Phillip L. 1999 Environmental Imperatives Reconsidered: Demographic Crises in Western North America during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. Current Anthropology 40:137–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, Terry L., and Codding, Brian F. 2010 Historical Contingencies, Issues of Scale, and Flightless Hypotheses: A Response to Hildebrandt et al. American Antiquity 75:689–699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Terry L., and Ferneau, Jennifer A. 2002 De-intensification along the Central Coast. In Catalysts to Complexity: Late Holocene Societies of the California Coast, edited by Erlandson, Jon M. and Jones, Terry L., pp. 204–231. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Jones, Terry L., Gobalet, Kenneth W., and Codding, Brian F. 2016 The Archaeology of Fish and Fishing on the Central Coast of California: The Case for an Under-Exploited Resource. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 41:88–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Terry L., Gobalet, Kenneth W., Mikkelsen, Pat, Hadick, Kacey, Hildebrandt, William R., and Jones, Deborah A. 2016 Prehistoric Fisheries of Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County, California. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 36:119–146.Google Scholar
Jones, Terry L., Knight, David A., and Porcasi, Judith F. 2017 The Clemmer Collection Revisited: Re-evaluation of Findings from the 1961 Excavation of CA-SLO-239, Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County, California. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 37, in press.Google Scholar
Jones, Terry L., Porcasi, Judith F., Gaeta, Jereme, and Codding, Brian F. 2008 Diablo Canyon Fauna: A Coarse-grained Record of Trans-Holocene Foraging from the Central California Mainland Coast. American Antiquity 73:289–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Terry L., Porcasi, Judith F., Gobalet, Kenneth W., and Laurie, Leroy T. 2004 CA-SLO-215, A Late Milling Stone Site at Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo County, California. In Out of the Ice Age: Papers in Honor of Roberta Greenwood, edited by Bertrando, E. and Levulett, V., pp. 57–70. San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society Occasional Papers No. 17.Google Scholar
Jones, Terry L., and Schwitalla, Al W. 2008 Archaeological Perspectives on the Effects of Medieval Drought in Prehistoric California. Quaternary International 188:41–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Terry L., and Schwitalla, Al W. 2012 A Land of Many Seasons: Bioarchaeology and the Medieval Climatic Anomaly Hypothesis in Central California. In Contemporary Issues in California Archaeology, edited by Jones, Terry L. and Perry, Jennifer E., pp. 93–114. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Joslin, Terry L. 2010 Middle and Late Holocene Hunter-Gather Adaptations to Coastal Ecosystems along the Southern San Simeon Reef, California. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar
Kennett, Douglas J. 2005 The Island Chumash: Behavioral Ecology of a Maritime Society. University of California Press, Berkeley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennett, Douglas J., and Kennett, James P. 2000 Competitive and Cooperative Responses to Climatic Instability in Coastal Southern California. American Antiquity 65:379–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennett, Douglas J., Kennett, James P., Erlandson, Jon M., and Cannariato, Kevin G. 2007 Human Responses to Middle Holocene Climate Change on California's Channel Islands. Quaternary Science Reviews 26:351–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennett, Douglas J., Lambert, Patricia M, Johnson, John R., and Culleton, Brendan J. 2013 Sociopolitical Effects of Bow and Arrow Technology in Prehistoric Coastal California. Evolutionary Anthropology 22:124–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuchler, A. Will 1977 Appendix: The Map of the Natural Vegetation of California. In Terrestrial Vegetation of California, edited by Barbour, Michael G. and Major, Jack. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Lambert, Patricia M. 1994 War and Peace on the Western Front: A Study of Violent Conflict and Its Correlates in Prehistoric Hunter-gatherer Societies of Coastal Southern California. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar
Lambert, Patricia M. 1997 Patterns of Violence in Prehistoric Hunter-gatherer Societies of Coastal Southern California. In Troubled Times: Violence and Warfare in the Past, edited by Martin, Debra L. and Frayer, David W., pp. 77–109. Gordon and Breech Publishers, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Love, Milton 2011 Certainly More Than You Want to Know About the Fishes of the Pacific Coast: A Postmodern Experience. Really Big Press, Santa Barbara, California.Google Scholar
Magurran, Anne E. 1988 Ecological Diversity and its Measurement. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mann, Michael E., Zhang, Zhihua, Rutherford, Scott, Bradley, Raymond S., Hughes, Malcolm K., Shindell, Drew, Ammann, Caspar, Faluvegi, Greg, and Ni, Fenbiao 2009 Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly. Science 326:1256–1260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mikkelsen, Patricia, Hildebrandt, William R., and Jones, Debbie A. 2000 Prehistoric Adaptations on the Shores of Morro Bay Estuary: Excavations at Site CA-SLO-165, Morro Bay, California. Occasional Papers No. 14. San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society, San Luis Obispo.Google Scholar
Moratto, Michael J. 1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.Google Scholar
Moratto, Michael J., King, Thomas F., and Woolfenden, Wallace F. 1978 Archaeology and California's Climate. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 5:147–161.Google Scholar
Nelson, Joseph S. 2006 Fishes of the World. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Nelson, Nels C. 1909 Shellmounds of the San Francisco Bay Region. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 7:310–356.Google Scholar
Page, Lawrence M., Espinosa-Perez, Hector., Findley, Lloyd T., Gilbert, Carter R., Lea, Robert N., Mandrake, Nicholas E., Mayden, Richard L., and Nelson, Joseph S. 2013 Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico, American Fisheries Society Special Publication 34. Bethesda, Maryland.Google Scholar
Peterson, Roger Tory 1990 Western Birds. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.Google Scholar
Pilloud, Marin A. 2006 The Impact of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly in Prehistoric California: A Case Study from Canyon Oaks, CA-ALA-613/H. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 26:179–191.Google Scholar
Raab, L. Mark, and Larson, Daniel O. 1997 Medieval Climatic Anomaly and Punctuated Cultural Evolution in Coastal Southern California. American Antiquity 62:319–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rick, Torben, DeLong, Robert, Erlandson, Jon M., Braje, Todd, Jones, Terry L., Arnold, Jeanne E., Lauriers, Matthew Des, Hildebrandt, William R., Kennett, Douglas J., Vellanoweth, Rene L., and Wake, Thomas 2012 Where Were the Northern Elephant Seals? Holocene Archaeology and Biogeography of Mirounga angustirostris . Holocene 21:1159–1166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rick, Torben, DeLong, Robert, Erlandson, Jon M., Braje, Todd, Jones, Terry L., Kennett, Douglas J., Wake, Thomas, and Walker, Phillip 2009 A Trans-Holocene Archaeological Record of Guadalupe Fur Seals (Arctocephalus townsendi) on the California Coast. Marine Mammal Science 25:487–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rick, Torben C., and Erlandson, Jon M. 2000 Early Holocene Fishing Strategies on the California Coast: Evidence from CA-SBA-2057. Journal of Archaeological Science 27:621–633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritter, Matt 2006 Plants of San Luis Obispo: Their Lives and Stories. Kendall Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa.Google Scholar
Salls, Roy A. 1988 Prehistoric Fisheries of the California Bight. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Schwitalla, Al W. 2010 The Medieval Climatic Anomaly in central California: Environmental Imperatives Reconsidered from a Bioarchaeological Perspective. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, California State University, Sacramento.Google Scholar
Schwitalla, Al W. 2012 Global Warming in California: A Lesson from the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (A.D. 800–1350). Center for Archaeological Research at Davis Publication No 17. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis.Google Scholar
Schwitalla, Al W., and Jones, Terry L. 2012 A Land of Many Seasons: Bioarchaeological Signatures of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly in Central California. In Contemporary Issues in California Archaeology, edited by Jones, Terry L. and Perry, Jennifer E., pp. 93–114. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Schwitalla, Al W., Jones, Terry L., Pilloud, Marin A., Codding, Brian F., and Wiberg, Randy S. 2014 Violence among Foragers: The Bioarchaeological Record from Central California. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 33:66–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stine, Scott 1994 Extreme and Persistent Drought in California and Patagonia during Mediaeval Time. Nature 369:546–549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, Minze, Reimer, Paula J., and Reimer, Ron 2016 CALIB Radiocarbon Calibration Version 7.1. Electronic document, http://calib.qub.ac.uk/calib/, accessed August 15, 2015.Google Scholar
Walker, Phillip L., and Lambert, Patricia 1989 Skeletal Evidence for Stress during a Period of Cultural Change in Prehistoric California. In Advances in Paleopathology, Journal of Paleopathology, Monographic Publication No. 1, edited by Capasso, Luigi, pp. 207–212. Marino Solfanelli, Chieti, Italy.Google Scholar
Weiss, Elizabeth 2002 Drought-related Changes in Two Hunter-gatherer California Populations. Quaternary Research 58:393–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitley, David S., Simon, John M., and Loubser, Johannes H. N 2007 The Carrizo Collapse: Art and Politics in the Past. In A Festschrift Honoring the Contributions of California Archaeologist Jay von Werlhof, edited by Kaldenberg, Russell L., pp. 199–208. Maturango Museum, Ridgecrest, California.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Jones supplementary material

Table S1

Download Jones supplementary material(File)
File 20 KB
Supplementary material: File

Jones supplementary material

Table S2

Download Jones supplementary material(File)
File 18.5 KB
Supplementary material: File

Jones supplementary material

Table S3

Download Jones supplementary material(File)
File 19.8 KB
Supplementary material: File

Jones supplementary material

Table S4

Download Jones supplementary material(File)
File 23.8 KB
Supplementary material: File

Jones supplementary material

Table S5

Download Jones supplementary material(File)
File 14.1 KB