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One Person's Food: How and Why Fish Avoidance May Affect the Settlement and Subsistence Patterns of Hunter-Gatherers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

M. E. Malainey ,
R. Przybylski  and
B. L. Sherriff
M. E. Malainey
Affiliation:
Department of Native Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada R7A 6A9
R. Przybylski
Affiliation:
Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
B. L. Sherriff
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
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Abstract

Foraging strategies of modern hunter-gatherers may not accurately model resource use of specialized big-game hunters. Historic accounts from the Northern Plains of North America indicate that utilization of spring-spawning fish when large mammals were fat-depleted was not universally beneficial. Three independent reports from Europeans and Americans show that a sudden switch from a prolonged diet of lean red meat to fish produces symptoms consistent with lipid (fat) malabsorption. It is hypothesized that plains-adapted hunter-gatherers formed their camps in grassland environments and hunted big game throughout the winter The effects of eating lean meat alone were avoided by utilizing fetal and newborn animals and through the use of stored carbohydrate-rich foods. Groups associated with wooded environments wintered along the margins of the winter grazing range. They followed a diverse strategy with opportunistic use of big game and were able to exploit spring-spawning fish. Archaeological remains from 18 sites from the plains, parkland, and forests of Western Canada were used to test these hypotheses. The faunal assemblages, tools, and identifications of lipid residues from pottery vessels were consistent with the proposed strategies.

Résumé

Résumé

Las estrategias de caza de los cazadores recolectores tal vez no presenten exactamente los recursos usadospor los cazadores especializados en caza mayor. Los relatos históricos de las Praderas sepeutrionales de Norte América indican que la utilización de los peces que desovan en primavera cuando los mamíferos grandes están debilitados de grasa por lo general nofue beneficioso. Tres informes independientes de europeos y americanos muestran que un cambio repentino de una dieta prolongada de came magra roja a pescado produce síntomas coherentes con la malabsorción de lípidos. Se plantea como hipótesis que los cazadores recolectores adaptados a la llanura instalaban sus campamentos en los alrededores de las praderas y cazaban caza mayor a lo largo del inviemo. Los efectos de comer sólo came magra se evitaban al usarfetos animales y recién nacidos y alimentos ricos en hidratos de carbono quefueron almacenados. Los grupos asociados con los ambientes boscosos pasaban el inviemo por los lindes de la pradera de pastoreo invernal. Siguieron una estrategia diversa con el uso oportunista de caza mayor y aprovecharon los peces que desovan en primavera. Se usaron los restos arqueológicos de dieciocho yacimientos de bosques, praderas y zonas verdes del oeste de Canadá, para probar estas hipótesis. Las colecciones de fauna, herramientas y las identificaciones de los residuos lípidos de los recipientes de cerámica son consecuentes con las estrategias propuestas.

Type
Article
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 66 , Issue 1 , January 2001 , pp. 141 - 161
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2001

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