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Structural Changes in Archaic Landscape Use in the Dissected Uplands of Southwestern Indiana

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

C. Russell Stafford
C. Russell Stafford*
Affiliation:
Anthropology Laboratory, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809
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Abstract

Structural changes in Archaic landscape use are examined using a large-scale survey data set from the dissected forested uplands of southwest Indiana. Spatial patterning of hafted bifaces, as indicated by proximity to streams of different order and distance from major rivers, was found to vary between the Early and Middle Archaic periods. Early Archaic settlement emphasized the upper reaches and divides of basins, but also included near-river locations, while Middle and later Archaic groups focused on locations near basin outlets and major rivers. These changes are argued to be a function of reduced residential mobility and a shift from a largely foraging to a collecting strategy. Increased travel and processing costs associated with a logistical strategy resulted in a deemphasis of more distant extravalley resource patches. Several explanations for this shift in strategies are explored, including possible increased spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the environment associated with postglacial climate and vegetation change.

Resumen

Resumen

Cambios estructurales en el uso del paisaje arcaico son examinados a través de un conjunto de datos provenientes de una prospección a gran escala en las tierras altas forestales en el suroeste de Indiana. Se encontró que el patrón espacial de bifaces con mango, como lo indican la proximidad a corrientes de agua de diferente orden y la distancia de los ríos más importantes, varía significativamente entre los períodos Arcaico Temprano y Medio. Los asentamientos del Arcaico Temprano enfatizaron las cabeceras y lineas divisorias de las cuencas de los ríos, pero también incluyeron localidades cerca de los ríos. En contraste, grupos del Arcaico Medio y Tardío se enfocaron en localidades cercanas al desemboque de cuencas y ríos mayores. Estos cambios probablemente se dieron en función de la reducción de movilidad residencial y del cambio de una estrategia de forraje a una de recolección. El incremento en el costo del viaje y procesamiento asociados con una estrategia logística ocasionaron la disminución en el uso de áreas de recursos fuera de los valles y mas distantes. Se exploran varias explicaciones de este cambio de estrategia, incluyendo un posible incremento en la heterogeneidad espacio-temporal del medioambiente, asociado a los cambios de clima y vegetación post-glaciares.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 59 , Issue 2 , April 1994 , pp. 219 - 237
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1994

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References

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