Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:37:44.596Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Theoretical Challenges of Indigenous Archaeology: Setting an Agenda

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ian J. McNiven
Ian J. McNiven*
Affiliation:
Monash Indigenous Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia (ian.mcniven@monash.edu)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Indigenous archaeology focuses on laudable processes of collaborative community research and decolonization. In contrast, theoretical contributions of Indigenous archaeology in terms of interpreting archaeological materials have been minimally articulated beyond praxis. Does Indigenous archaeology have an interpretative theoretical agenda? This paper addresses this question and articulates an agenda through distillation of theoretical developments and concerns from the considerable literature on Indigenous archaeology that has emerged from the Americas, Australia, and Africa over the past two decades. A shared fundamental concern is challenging ontological and epistemological divides and dualisms within mainstream Western archaeology. Two key dimensions of Indigenous archaeology are elaborated to provide broader scope to contextualize and address these theoretical challenges. First, encountering the past challenges objectivist tangibility of the archaeological record with ancestral presence and contexts where artifactual absence is the (in)tangible signature of spiritual association. Second, historicing the present challenges secularist archaeologies of a detached past with archaeologies of the more familiar ethnographically known recent past linked to identity and diachronic explorations of ontology and spiritualism. An agenda that embraces these theoretical challenges presents major opportunities for mainstream archaeology to reorient its Eurocentric focus and produce more cross-culturally relevant and culturally nuanced and sensitive understandings of the past.

La arqueología indígena se focaliza en loables procesos de investigación comunal colaborativa y de descolonización. En contraste, las contribuciones teóricas de la arqueología indígena en términos de la interpretación de los restos arqueológicos han estado mínimamente articuladas más allá de la práctica. ¿Tiene la arqueología indígena una agenda teórica interpretativa? Este trabajo se focaliza en este punto y articula una agenda a través del procesamiento de los desarrollos y preocupaciones teóricas de una considerable literatura de la arqueología indígena que ha surgido en América, Australia y África a lo largo de las dos décadas pasadas. Un interés compartido fundamental es el desafío a las divisiones y dualismos ontóldgicos y epistemológicos existentes dentro de la arqueología occidental dominante. Dos dimensiones claves de la arqueología indígena se elaboran para proporcionar un ámbito más amplio para contextualizar y abordar esos desafíos teóricos. Primero, encontrar el pasado desafía la tangibilidad objetivista del registro arqueológico con la presencia ancestral y contextos donde la ausencia artefactual es la señal (in)tangible de asociación espiritual. En segundo, historizar el presente desafía las arqueologías seculares de un pasado distante con arqueologías del pasado reciente más familiar etnográficamente conocido relacionadas con la identidady exploraciones diacrónicas de ontología y espiritualismo. Una agenda que abarque esos desafíos teóricos brinda a la corriente principal de la arqueología oportunidades importantes para reorientar sufoco eurocéntrico y producir comprensiones del pasado más relevantes transculturalmente, cultural y sensitivamente matizadas.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 81 , Issue 1 , January 2016 , pp. 27 - 41
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 by the Society for American Archaeology.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Agrawal, Arun 1995 Dismantling the Divide between Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge. Development and Change 26:413–439.Google Scholar
Alberti, Benjamin, and Bray, Tamara L. 2009 Introduction, Special Section on Animating Archaeology of Subjects, Objects and Alternative Ontologies. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 19:337–343.Google Scholar
Arcangeli, Alessandro 2012 Cultural History. Routledge, London and New York.Google Scholar
Ash, Jeremy, Manas, Louise, and Bosun, David 2010 Lining the Path: A Seascape Perspective of Two Torres Strait Missions, Northeast Australia. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 14:56–85.Google Scholar
Atalay, Sonya 2006 Indigenous Archaeology as Decolonizing Practice. The American Indian Quarterly 30:280–310.Google Scholar
Atalay, Sonya 2007 Global Application of Indigenous Archaeology: Community Based Participatory Research in Turkey. Archaeologies 3:249–270.Google Scholar
Atalay, Sonya 2008a Multivocality and Indigenous Archaeologies. In Evaluating Multiple Narratives, edited by Junko Habu, Clare Fawcett, and John M. Matsunaga, pp. 29–44. Springer, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atalay, Sonya 2008b Pedagogy of Decolonization: Advancing Archaeological Practice through Education. In Collaborating at the Trowel's Edge, edited by Stephen W. Silliman, pp. 123–144. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Atalay, Sonya 2012 Community-Based Archaeology. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Barrett, John C. 2001 Agency, the Duality of Structure, and the Problem of the Archaeological Record. In Archaeological Theory Today, edited by Ian Hodder, pp. 141–164. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Beck, Wendy, and Somerville, Margaret 2005 Conversations between Disciplines: Historical Archaeology and Oral History at Yarrawarra. World Archaeology 37:468–483.Google Scholar
Berndt, Ronald M., and Berndt, Catherine H. 1981 The World of the First Australians. Lansdowne Press, Sydney.Google Scholar
Bintliff, John 1991 The Contribution of an Annaliste/Structural History Approach to Archaeology. In The Annales School and Archaeology, edited by John Bintliff, pp. 1–33. University of Leicester Press, Leicester.Google Scholar
Birmingham, Judy 1992 Wybalenna. Australian Society for Historical Archaeology, Sydney.Google Scholar
Bradley, Richard 2002 The Past in Prehistoric Societies. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Brady, Liam M. 2009 (Re)engaging with the (Un)known: Collaboration, Indigenous Knowledge, and Reaffirming Aboriginal Identity in the Torres Strait Islands, Northeastern Australia. Collaborative Anthropologies 2:33–64.Google Scholar
Brady, Liam M., and Bradley, John J. 2014 Reconsidering Regional Rock Art Styles: Exploring Cultural and Relational Understandings in Northern Australia's Gulf Country. Journal of Social Archaeology 14:361–382.Google Scholar
Brady, Liam, and Crouch, Joe 2010 Partnership Archaeology and Indigenous Ancestral Engagement in Torres Strait, Northeastern Australia. In Handbook of Postcolonial Archaeology, edited by Jane Lydon and Uzma Z. Rizvi, pp. 413–427. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Bruchac, Margaret M. 2010 Imagining the Future of Indigenous Archaeologies. In Indigenous Archaeologies, edited by Margaret M. Bruchac, Siobhan M. Hart, and H. Martin Wobst, pp. 363–368. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Bruchac, Margaret M., Hart, Siobhan M., and Martin Wobst, H. (editors) 2010 Indigenous Archaeologies. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Byrne, Denis 1996 Deep Nation: Australia's Acquisition of an Indigenous Past. Aboriginal History 20:82–107.Google Scholar
Cajete, Gregory 2000 Native Science. Clear Light Publishing, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Colley, Sarah M. 2000 The Colonial Impact? Contact Archaeology and Indigenous Sites in Southern New South Wales. In The Archaeology of Difference, edited by Robin Torrence and Anne Clarke, pp. 278–299. Routledge, London and New York.Google Scholar
Colley, Sarah, and Bickford, Annie 1996 “Real” Aborigines and “Real” Archaeology: Aboriginal Places and Australian Historical Archaeology. World Archaeological Bulletin 7:5–21.Google Scholar
Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip 2012 Archaeology and Indigenous Collaboration. In Archaeological Theory Today, edited by Ian Hodder, pp. 267–291. 2nd ed. Polity Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip, and Ferguson, T.J. 2006 Memory Pieces and Footprints: Multivocality and the Meanings of Ancient Times and Ancestral Places among the Zuni and Hopi. American Anthropologist 108:148–162.Google Scholar
Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip, and Ferguson, T.J. 2010 Intersecting Magisterial: Bridging Archaeological Science and Traditional Knowledge. Journal of Social Archaeology 10:325–346.Google Scholar
Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip, Ferguson, T.J., Lippert, Dorothy, McGuire, Randall H., Nicholas, George P., Watkins, Joe E., and Zimmerman, Larry J. 2010 The Premise and Promise of Indigenous Archaeology. American Antiquity 75:228–238.Google Scholar
Conkey, Meg W. 2005 Dwelling at the Margins, Action at the Intersection? Feminist and Indigenous Archaeologies, 2005. Archaeologies 1:9–59.Google Scholar
Croes, Dale R. 2010 Courage and Thoughtful Scholarship = Indigenous Archaeology Partnerships. American Antiquity 75:211–216.Google Scholar
Cunningham, Jerimy J. 2003 Essentializing Culture: Conceptual Hurdles to Pluralism in Archaeology. In Indigenous People and Archaeology, edited by Trevor Peck, Evelyn Siegfried, and Gerald A. Oetelaar, pp. 82–91. Archaeological Association of the University of Calgary, Alberta.Google Scholar
Damm, Charlotte 2005 Archaeology, Ethno-history and Oral Traditions: Approaches to the Indigenous Past. Norwegian Archaeological Review 38:73–87.Google Scholar
David, Bruno 2006 Archaeology and the Dreaming: Toward an Archaeology of Ontology. In Archaeology of Oceania, edited by Ian Lilley, pp. 48–68. Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
David, Bruno 2011 Historicising Cosmologies in Australia and Papua New Guinea. In The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion, edited by Timothy Insoll, pp. 482–504. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
David, Bruno, Lamb, Lara, Delannoy, Jean-Jacques, Pivoru, Frank, Rowe, Cassandra, Pivoru, Max, Frank, Tony, Frank, Nick, Fairbum, Andrew, and Pivoru, Ruth 2012 Poromoi Tamu and the Case of the Drowning Village: History, Lost Places and the Stories We Tell. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 16:319–345.Google Scholar
David, Bruno, and McNiven, Ian J. 2004 Western Torres Strait Cultural History Project. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, Cultural Heritage Series 3(1):199–208.Google Scholar
David, Bruno, and Wilson, Meredith 1999 Re-reading the Landscape: Place and Identity in NE Australia during the Late Holocene. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 9:163–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dongoske, Kurt E., Yeatts, Michael, Anyon, Roger, and Ferguson, T.J. 1997 Archaeological Cultures and Cultural Affiliation: Hopi and Zuni Perspectives in the American Southwest. American Antiquity 62:600–608.Google Scholar
Ferguson, T.J., and Colwell-Chanthaphonh, Chip 2006 History Is in the Land. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Forsman, Leonard A. 1997 Straddling the Current: A View from the Bridge Over Clear Salt Water. In Native Americans and Archaeologists, edited by Nina Swidler, Kurt E. Dongoske, Roger Anyon, and Alan S. Downer, pp. 105–111. Altamira, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Frederick, Ursula K. 1999 At the Centre of It All: Constructing Contact through the Rock Art of Watarrka National Park, Central Australia. Archaeology in Oceania 34:132–144.Google Scholar
George, Brandy E. 2010 Who Am I and How Did I Get Here? In Being and Becoming Indigenous Archaeologists, edited by George P. Nicholas, pp. 101–106. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Gosden, Chris 2012 Post-Colonial Archaeology. In Archaeological Theory Today, edited by Ian Hodder, pp. 251–266. 2nd ed. Polity Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Gould, D. Rae 2013 Cultural Practice and Authenticity: The Search for Real Indians in New England in the “Historical” Period. In The Death of Prehistory, edited by Peter R. Schmidt and Stephen A. Mrozowski, pp. 241–266. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Green, Lesley F., Green, David R., and Neves, Eduardo G. 2003 Indigenous Knowledge and Archaeological Science: The Challenges of Public Archaeology in the Reserva Uaçáa. Journal of Social Archaeology 3:366–398.Google Scholar
Greer, Shelley 2014 The Janus View: Reflections, Relationships and a Community-Based Approach to Indigenous Archaeology and Heritage in Northern Australia. Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage 1:56–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haber, Alejandro F. 2009 Animism, Relatedness, Life: Post-Western Perspectives. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 19:418–430.Google Scholar
Hall, Robert L. 2010 Archaeology in My Soul. In Being and Becoming Indigenous Archaeologists, edited by George P. Nicholas, pp. 121–130. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Handsman, Russell G., and McBride, Kevin A. 2008 Building Pathways between Zuni and Mashantucket Pequot Country. In Collaborating at the Trowel's Edge, edited by Stephen W. Silliman, pp. 145–164. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Hanna, Margaret G. 1997 We Can Go a Long Way Together, Hand-in-Hand. In At the Crossroads, edited by George P. Nicholas and Thomas D. Andrews, pp. 69–84. Archaeology Press, Burnaby, British Columbia.Google Scholar
Hantaan, Jeffrey L. 2009 Indigenous Archaeologies: The Quiet Revolution is Here. American Antiquity 74:202–206.Google Scholar
Hantaan, Jeffrey L. 2013 Sites in History, History in Sites: Archaeology, Historical Anthropology, and Indigenous Knowledge in Chesapeake. In The Death of Prehistory, edited by Peter R. Schmidt and Stephen A. Mrozowski, pp. 201–219. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Harris, Oliver J., and Robb, John 2012 Multiple Ontologies and the Problem of the Body in History. American Anthropologist 114:668–679.Google Scholar
Harrison, Rodney 2000 Challenging the “Authenticity” of Antiquity: Contact Archaeology and Native Title in Australia. In Native Title and the Transformation of Archaeology in the Postcolonial World, edited by Ian Lilley, pp. 35–53. Oceania Monograph 50. Oceania Publications, Sydney.Google Scholar
Harrison, Rodney 2003 The Archaeology of “Lost Places”: Ruin, Memory and the Heritage of the Aboriginal Diaspora in Australia. Historic Environment 17:18–23.Google Scholar
Harrison, Rodney 2004 Shared Landscapes. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney.Google Scholar
Harrison, Rodney 2010 Stone Tools. In The Oxford Handbook of Material Culture Studies, edited by Dan Hicks and Mary C. Beaudry, pp. 521–542. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Harrison, Rodney, McDonald, Jo, and Veth, Peter (editors) 2005 Native Title and Archaeology. Australian Aboriginal Studies 2005/1.Google Scholar
Hart, Siobhan M. 2004 Mixed Assemblages and Indigenous Agents: Decolonizing Pine Hill. Northeast Anthropology 68:57–71.Google Scholar
Heckenberger, Michael J. 2009 Mapping Indigenous Histories: Collaboration, Cultural Heritage, and Conservation in the Amazon. Collaborative Anthropologies 2:9–32.Google Scholar
Hemming, Steven, Wood, Vivienne, and Hunter, Richard 2000 Researching the Past: Oral History and Archaeology at Swan Reach. In The Archaeology of Difference, edited by Robin Torrence and Anne Clarke, pp. 331–359. Rout-ledge, London and New York.Google Scholar
Hill, Richard W. Sr., 2006 Making a Final Resting Place Final: A History of the Repatriation Experience of the Haudenosaunee. In Cross-Cultural Collaboration, edited by Jordan E. Kerber, pp. 3–17. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Hodder, Ian 1999 The Archaeological Process. Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
Holbraad, Martin 2009 Ontology, Ethnography, Archaeology: An Afterword on the On tography of Things. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 19:431–441.Google Scholar
InsoU, Timothy, MacLean, Rachel, and Kankpeyeng, Benjamin 2013 Temporalising Anthropology. Journal of African Archaeology Monograph Series 10. Agrica Magna Verlag, Frankfurt.Google Scholar
Johnson, Matthew 2010 Archaeological Theory. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex.Google Scholar
Kearney, Amanda 2010 An Ethnoarchaeology of Engagement. Journal of Ethnoarchaeology and Experimental Archaeology 2:99–120.Google Scholar
Kehoe, Alice B. 1998 The Land of Prehistory. Routledge, New York.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, Kristen 2004 Genes Versus Agents. A Discussion of the Widening Theoretical Gap in Archaeology. Archaeological Dialogues 11:77–99.Google Scholar
Kuwanwisiwma, Leigh J. 2004 Yupköyvi: The Hopi Story of Chaco Canyon. In In Search of Chaco, edited by David G. Noble, pp. 41–47. School for Advanced Research Press, Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Lane, Paul 2011 Possibilities for a Postcolonial Archaeology in Sub-Saharan Africa: Indigenous and Usable Pasts. World Ar chaeology 43:7–25.Google Scholar
Lane, Paul 2013 Presencing the Past: Implications for Bridging the History/Prehistory Divide. In The Death of Prehistory, edited by Peter R. Schmidt and Stephen A. Mrozowski, pp. 47–66. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Lightfoot, Kent G. 1995 Culture Contact Studies: Redefining the Relationship between Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology. American Antiquity 60:199–217.Google Scholar
Lightfoot, Kent G. 2008 Collaborative Research Programs: Implications for the Practice of North American Archaeology. In Collaborating at the Trowel's Edge, edited by Stephen W. Silliman, pp. 211–227. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lilley, Ian (editor) 2000 Native Title and the Transformation of Archaeology in the Postcolonial World. Oceania Monograph 50. Oceania Publications, Sydney.Google Scholar
Lilley, Ian A., and Williams, Michael J. 2005 Archaeological and Indigenous Significance: A View from Australia. In Heritage of Value, Archaeology of Renown, edited by Clay Mathers, Timothy Darvill, and Barbara J. Little, pp. 227–247. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Loma'omvaya, Micah, and Ferguson, T.J. 2003 Hisatqatsit Aw Maamatslalwa—Comprehending Our Past Lifeways: Thoughts about Hopi Archaeology. In Indigenous People and Archaeology, edited by Trevor Peck, Evelyn Siegfried, and Gerald A. Oetelaar, pp. 43–51. Archaeological Association of the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.Google Scholar
L'Oste-Brown, Scott, Godwin, Luke, Henry, Gordon, and Mitchell, Ted 1995 Living Under the Act. Cultural Heritage Monograph Series 1. Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage, Brisbane.Google Scholar
Lucas, Gavin 2012 Understanding the Archaeological Record. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lydon, Jane 2009 Fantastic Dreaming. Altamira Press, Lanham, Maryland.Google Scholar
Lydon, Jane, and Rizvi, Uzma Z. (editors) 2010 Handbook of Postcolonial Archaeology. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Lyman, R. Lee, and O'Brien, Michael J. 2001 The Direct Historical Approach, Analogical Reasoning, and Theory in Americanist Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 8:303–342.Google Scholar
Lyons, Natasha, Dawson, Peter, Walls, Matthew, Uluadluak, Donald, Angalik, Louis, Kalluak, Mark, Kigusiutuak, Philip, Kiniksi, Luke, Karetak, Joe, and Suluk, Luke 2010 Person .Place, Memory, Thing: How Inuit Elders are Informing Archaeological Practice in the Canadian North. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 34:1–31.Google Scholar
McGhee, Robert 2008 Aboriginalism and the Problems of Indigenous Archaeology. American Antiquity 73:579–597.Google Scholar
McGuire, Randall H. 2008 Archaeology as Political Action. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
McLay, Eric, Bannister, Kelly, Joe, Lea, Thorn, Brian, and Nicholas, George 2008 ‘A’ Ihut tu tet Sul'hweentst [Respecting the Ancestors]: Understanding Hul'qumi'num Heritage Laws and Concerns for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage. In First Nations Cultural Heritage and Law, edited by Catherine Bell and Val Napoleon, pp. 150–202. UBC Press, Vancouver and Toronto.Google Scholar
McNiven, Ian J. 2004 Saltwater People: Spiritscapes, Maritime Rituals and the Archaeology of Australian Indigenous Seascapes. World Archaeology 35:329–349.Google Scholar
McNiven, Ian J. 2008 Sentient Sea: Seascapes as Spiritscapes. In Handbook of Landscape Archaeology, edited by Bruno David and Julian Thomas, pp. 149–157. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
McNiven, Ian J. 2010 Navigating the Human-Animal Divide: Marine Mammal Hunters and Rituals of Sensory Allurement. World Archaeology 42:215–230.Google Scholar
McNiven, Ian J. 2013 Between the Living and the Dead: Relational Ontologies and the Ritual Dimensions of Dugong Hunting across Torres Strait. In Archaeologies of Relationality, edited by Christopher Watts, pp. 97–116. Routledge, London and New York.Google Scholar
McNiven, Ian J., David, Bruno, Kod, Goemulgau, and Fitzpatrick, Judith 2009 The Great Kod of Pulu: Mutual Historical Emergence of Ceremonial Sites and Social Groups in Torres Strait, NE Australia. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 19:291–317.Google Scholar
McNiven, Ian J., and Feldman, Ricky 2003 Ritually Orchestrated Seascapes: Hunting Magic and Dugong Bone Mounds in Torres Strait, NE Australia. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 13:169–194.Google Scholar
McNiven, Ian J., and Russell, Lynette 2005 Appropriated Pasts. Altamira, Lanham, Maryland.Google Scholar
Meskell, Lynn, and Masuku, L.S. Damme, Van 2008 Heritage Ethics and Descendant Communities. In Collaboration in Archaeological Practice, edited by Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh and TJ. Ferguson, pp. 131–150. Altamira, Lanham, Maryland.Google Scholar
Million, Tara 2005 Developing an Aboriginal Archaeology: Receiving Gifts from White Buffalo Calf Woman. In Indigenous Archaeologies: Decolonizing Theory and Practice, edited by Claire Smith and H. Martin Wobst, pp. 43–55. Routledge, New York.Google Scholar
Mosley, Bridget 2010 Agency and Archaeological Material Culture: Willing a Suspension of Disbelief? In Bridging the Divide, edited by Caroline Phillips and Harry Allen, pp. 61–79. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Nicholas, George P. 2003 A Necessary Tension: Integrating Processual, Post-processual, and Other Approaches to the Past. In Indigenous People and Archaeology, edited by Trevor Peck, Evelyn Siegfried, and Gerald A. Oetelaar, pp. 114–129. Archaeological Association of the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.Google Scholar
Nicholas, George P. 2008a Native Peoples and Archaeology. In Encyclopedia of Archaeology, Vol. 3, edited by Deborah M. Pearsall, pp. 1660–1669. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Nicholas, George P. 2008b Melding Science and Community Values: Indigenous Archaeology Programs and the Negotiation of Cultural Difference. In Collaborating at the Trowel's Edge, edited by Stephen W. Silliman, pp. 228–249. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholas, George P. 2010 Seeking the End of Indigenous Archaeology. In Bridging the Divide, edited by Caroline Phillips and Harry Allen, pp. 233–252. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Nicholas, George P. (editor) 2010 Being and Becoming Indigenous Archaeologists. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Nicholas, George P., and Andrews, Thomas D. (editors) 1997 At the Crossroads. Archaeology Press, Burnaby, British Columbia.Google Scholar
Nicholas, George P., Roberts, Amy, Schaepe, David M., Watkins, Joe, Leader-Elliot, Lyn, and Rowley, Susan 2011 A Consideration of Theory, Principles and Practice in Collaborative Archaeology. Archaeological Review from Cambridge 26(2):11–30.Google Scholar
Nicholas, George P., and Watkins, Joe 2014 Indigenous Archaeologies in Archaeological Theory. In Encyclopaedia of Global Archaeology, edited by Claire Smith, pp. 3777–3786. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Nwana, Elias 1989 The Past as Perceived by the Bali Nyonga People of Cameroon. In Who Needs the Past? edited by Robert Layton, pp. 180–188. Unwin Hyman, London.Google Scholar
Pardoe, Colin 1990 Sharing the Past: Aboriginal Influence on Archaeological Practice, A Case Study from New South Wales. Aboriginal History 14:208–223.Google Scholar
Pardoe, Colin 2013 Repatriation, Reburial, and Biological Research in Australia: Rhetoric and Practice. In The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial, edited by Sarah Tariow and Liv Nilsson Stutz, pp. 733–761. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Paterson, Alistair G. 2008 The Lost Legions. Altamira, Lanham, Maryland.Google Scholar
Patrik, Linda E. 1985 Is There an Archaeological Record? Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 8:27–62.Google Scholar
Petraglia, Michael D., and Cunningham, Kevin 2006 Native American Collaboration in the Delmarva: New Meanings and an Expanded Approach to Delaware Archaeology. In Cross-Cultural Collaboration, edited by Jordan E. Kerber, pp. 213–229. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Rossen, Jack 2008 Field School Archaeology, Activism, and Politics in the Cayuga Homeland of Central New York. In Collaborating at the Trowel's Edge, edited by Stephen W. Silliman, pp. 103–120. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Peter R. 1983 An Alternative to a Strictly Materialist Perspective: A Review of Historical Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, and Symbolic Approaches in African Archaeology. American Antiquity 48:62–79.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Peter R. 1995 Using Archaeology to Remake History in Africa. In Making Alternative Histories, edited by Peter R. Schmidt and Thomas C. Patterson, pp. 119–147. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Peter R. 2006 Historical Archaeology in Africa. Altamira, Lanham, Maryland.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Peter R. 2014 Rediscovering Community Archaeology in Africa and Reframing its Practice. Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage 1:37–55.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Peter R., and Mrozowski, Stephen A. (editors) 2013 The Death of Prehistory. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Sheppard, Peter, Walter, Richard, and Aswani, Shankar 2004 Oral Tradition and the Creation of Late Prehistory in Roviana Lagoon, Solomon Islands. Records of the Australian Museum Supplement 29:123–132.Google Scholar
Silliman, Stephen W. 2005 Culture Contact or Colonialism? Challenges in the Archaeology of Native North America. American Antiquity 70:55–74.Google Scholar
Silliman, Stephen W. 2008 Collaborative Indigenous Archaeology: Troweling at the Edges, Eyeing the Center. In Collaborating at the Trowel's Edge, edited by Stephen W. Silliman, pp. 1–21. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Silliman, Stephen W. 2009a Change and Continuity, Practice and Memory: Native American Persistence in Colonial New England. American Antiquity 74:211–230.Google Scholar
Silliman, Stephen W. 2009b Blurring for Clarity: Archaeology as Hybrid Practice. In Postcolonial Perspectives in Archaeology, edited by Peter Bikoulis, Dominic Lacroix, and Meaghan Peuramaki-Brown, pp. 15–25. University of Calgary and Chacmool Archaeological Association, Calgary, Alberta.Google Scholar
Smith, Claire 2007 The Indigenous Transformation of Archaeological Practice. The SAA Archaeological Record 7:35–39.Google Scholar
Smith, Claire, and Martin Wobst, H. (editors) 2005 Indigenous Archaeologies. Routledge, New York.Google Scholar
Spriggs, Matthew 2008 Ethnographic Parallels and the Denial of History. World Archaeology 40:538–552.Google Scholar
Stewart, Andrew M., Keith, Darren, and Scottie, Joan 2004 Caribou Crossings and Cultural Meanings: Placing Traditional Knowledge and Archaeology in Context in an Inuit Landscape. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 11:183–211.Google Scholar
Stump, Daryl 2013 On Applied Archaeology, Indigenous Knowledge, and the Usable Past. Current Anthropology 54:268–298.Google Scholar
Tariow, Sarah 2010 Ritual, Belief and the Dead Body in Early Modern Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Thompson, Kerry F. 2011 The Navajo Nation, Dine Archaeologists, Diné Archaeology, and Diné Communities. Archaeologies 7:502–517.Google Scholar
Thorsgard, Eirik 2010 Munk-lxwáp fli?i khapa nayka anqati shawash tillixam ikta: Digging for My Ancestors' Things. In Being and Becoming Indigenous Archaeologists, edited by George P. Nicholas, pp. 287–295. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Trigger, Bruce G. 1984 Alternative Archaeologies: Nationalist, Colonialist, Imperialist. Man 19:355–370.Google Scholar
Trigger, Bruce G. 1991 Distinguished Lecture in Archeology: Constraint and Freedom—A New Synthesis forArcheological Explanation. American Anthropologist 93:551–569.Google Scholar
Two Bears, Davina R. 2008 'Íhoosh'aah, Learning by Doing: The Navajo Nation Archaeology Department Student Training Program. In Collaborating at the Trowel's Edge, edited by Stephen W. Silliman, pp. 188–207. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Van Dommelen, Peter (editor) 2011 Special Issue: Postcolonial Archaeologies. World Archaeology 43(1).Google Scholar
VanPool, Todd L., and VanPool, Christine S. 2003 Science and the Role of Evaluation in an Indigenous Archaeology. In Indigenous People and Archaeology, edited by Trevor Peck, Evelyn Siegfried and Gerald A. Oetelaar, pp. 69–81. Archaeological Association of the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.Google Scholar
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo 1998 Cosmological Deixis and Amerindian Perspectivism. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 4:469–488.Google Scholar
Walz, Jonathan R. 2013 Routes to History: Archaeology and Being Articulate in Eastern Africa. In The Death of Prehistory, edited by Peter R. Schmidt and Stephen A. Mrozowski, pp. 69–91. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Watkins, Joe 2001 Indigenous Archaeology. Altamira, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Watkins, Joe 2003 Beyond the Margin: American Indians, First Nations, and Archaeology in North America. American Antiquity 68:273–285.Google Scholar
Watkins, Joe 2005 Through Wary Eyes: Indigenous Perspectives on Archaeology. Annual Review of Anthropology 34:429–449.Google Scholar
Watkins, Joe 2006 Communicating Archaeology. Words to the Wise. Journal of Social Archaeology 6:100–118.Google Scholar
Watkins, Joe, and Nicholas, George P. 2014 Indigenous Archaeologies: North American Perspective. In Encyclopaedia of Global Archaeology, edited by Claire Smith, pp. 3794–3803. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
White Deer, Gary 1997 Return of the Sacred: Spirituality and the Scientific Imperative. In Native Americans and Archaeologists, edited by Nina Swidler, Kurt E. Dongoske, Roger Anyon, and Alan S. Downer,pp. 37–43. Altamira, Walnut Creek, California.Google Scholar
Whitley, David S. 2008 Religion. In Handbook of Archaeological Theories, edited by R. Alexander Bentley, Herbert D.G. Maschner, and Christopher Chippindale, pp. 547–566. Altamira, Lanham, Maryland.Google Scholar
Wilcox, Michael 2010 Saving Indigenous Peoples from Ourselves: Separate but Equal Archaeology Is Not Scientific Archaeology. American Antiquity 75:221–227.Google Scholar
Williamson, Christine 2004 Contact Archaeology and the Writing of Aboriginal History. In The Archaeology of Contact in Settler Societies, edited by Timothy Murray, pp. 176–199. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Wilson, Christopher 2014 Indigenous Archaeologies: Australian Perspective. In Encyclopaedia of Global Archaeology, edited by Claire Smith, pp. 3786–3793. Springer, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zedeño, Maria N. 2009 Animating by Association: Index Objects and Relational Taxonomies. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 19:407–417.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, Larry J. 2005 First, Be Humble: Working with Indigenous Peoples and Other Descendant Communities. In Indigenous Archaeologies, edited by Claire Smith and H. Martin Wobst, pp. 301–314. Routledge, New York.Google Scholar