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Clovis Hunting Strategies, or How to Make out on Plentiful Resources

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Nicole M. Waguespack  and
Todd A. Surovell
Nicole M. Waguespack
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721
Todd A. Surovell
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721
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Abstract

Traditionally, hunter-gatherers of the Clovis period have been characterized as specialized hunters of large terrestrial mammals. Recent critiques have attempted to upend this position both empirically and theoretically, alternatively favoring a more generalized foraging economy. In this paper, the distinction between subsistence specialists and generalists is framed in terms of forager selectivity with regards to hunted prey, following a behavioral ecological framework. Faunal data are compiled from 33 Clovis sites and used to test the two alternative diet-breadth hypotheses. The data support the older “Clovis as specialist” model, although some use of small game is apparent. Furthermore, data from modern hunter-gatherers are marshaled to support the theoretical plausibility of specialized large-mammal hunting across North America during the Late Pleistocene.

Résumé

Résumé

Tradicionalmente, los cazadores-recolectores del período Clovis han sido caracterizados como cazadores especializados en la fauna mayor. Sin embargo, críticas recientes han tratado de cambiar esta posicíon por una que favorece la economía de recolección generalizada. Este artículo discute la distinción entre la subsistencia generalizada y la especializada en términos de la selectividad del recolector respecto a las presas de caza, desde un punto de vista ecológico conductual. Se utilizan datos faunísticos compilados de 33 sitios Clovis para investigar las dos hipótesis alternas sobre la variedad dieté tica. Los datos apoyan el modelo tradicional de “especialistas Clovis” aunque aparentemente estos cazadores utilizaron alguna fauna menor. Además, datos provenientes de cazadores-recolectores modernos refuerzan la veracidad teórica de la cacería de fauna mayor a través de Norte America durante el Pleistoceno Tardío.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 68 , Issue 2 , April 2003 , pp. 333 - 352
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2003

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