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Holocene Environmental Change, Artiodactyl Abundances, and Human Hunting Strategies in the Great Basin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

David A. Byers  and
Jack M. Broughton
David A. Byers
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, dbyers@uofu.net
Jack M. Broughton
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, jack.broughton@csbs.utah.edu
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Abstract

Despite a deep Great Basin tradition of incorporating paleoenvironmental change within ecologically oriented analyses of past human lifeways, there has been little attention focused on Holocene variation in artiodactyl abundances and the human hunting strategies dependent upon them. Here, we draw upon recently generated paleontological evidence from Homestead Cave of the Bonneville Basin to document a late Holocene artiodactyl population increase. We then use the prey model of foraging theory to predict late Holocene increases in the hunting of artiodactyls, relative to lagomorphs. That prediction is then tested against several fine-grained archaeological records of hunting behavior in the Bonneville Basin, Hogup Cave and Camels Back Cave, and a variety of more coarse-grained faunal records from throughout the Great Basin. Close fits are found between the deductively derived prediction and the empirical records of hunting behavior: dramatic proportional increases in artiodactyl hunting occurred during the late Holocene. The results have far-reaching implications for our understanding of prehistoric human adaptations in the Great Basin.

Resumen

Resumen

A pesar de que en la Gran Cuenca hay una tradición enraizada de incorporar los cambios paleoambientales en los análisis de tipo ecológico acerca de los modos de vida de las poblaciones antiguas, se ha prestado muy poca atención a la variación en abundancia de artiodáctilos durante el Holoceno y su influencia en las estrategias de caza de los seres humanos. En este artículo utilizamos nuevas evidencias paleontológicas obtenidas en la cueva Homestead y la cuenca del Bonneville para documentar incrementos en la población de artiodáctilos durante el Holoceno tardío. Además, se hace uso del modelo de presa de la teoría de forrajeo para predecir incrementos en la cacería de artiodáctilos con respecto a los lagomorfos, durante el Holoceno tardío. Finalmente, se comparan estas predicciones con datos detallados arqueológicos sobre prácticas de cacería en la cuenca del Bonneville, las cuevas Hogup y Camels Back, y con un grupo de datos más generales sobre la fauna en toda la Gran Cuenca. Encontramos una fuerte correlación entre las predicciones teóricas y los datos empíricos acerca de prácticas de cacería: durante el Holoceno hubieron dramáticos incrementos en la caza de artiodáctilos. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones importantes concernientes a nuestra concepción de las adaptaciones prehistóricas humanas en la Cuenca Grande.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 69 , Issue 2 , April 2004 , pp. 235 - 255
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2004

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