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THE MORRO BAY FAUNA: EVIDENCE FOR A MEDIEVAL DROUGHTS REFUGIUM ON THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2017

Terry L. Jones ,
Deborah A. Jones ,
Kacey Hadick ,
Kenneth W. Gobalet ,
Judith F. Porcasi  and
William R. Hildebrandt
Terry L. Jones
Affiliation:
Department of Social Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
Deborah A. Jones*
Affiliation:
Far Western Anthropological Research Group, 1725 Diablo Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93405, USA
Kacey Hadick
Affiliation:
Far Western Anthropological Research Group, 2727 Del Rio Place, Suite A, Davis, CA 95618, USA
Kenneth W. Gobalet
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Emeritus, California State University, Bakersfield, CA 93311 Current Address: 625 Wisconsin St., San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
Judith F. Porcasi
Affiliation:
Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
William R. Hildebrandt
Affiliation:
Far Western Anthropological Research Group, 2727 Del Rio Place, Suite A, Davis, CA 95618, USA
*
(Tljones@calpoly.edu, corresponding author)
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Abstract

A robust collection of mammal, bird, fish, and shellfish remains from an 8,000-year residential sequence at Morro Bay, a small, isolated estuary on the central California coast, shows a strong focus on marine species during the Middle-Late Transition cultural phase (950–700 cal B.P.), which largely coincides with the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA). Previous studies have provided modest evidence for increased fishing and rabbit hunting during the MCA in adjacent regions, but the Morro Bay findings suggest a distinctive marine-focused subsistence refugium during the period of drought. Specifically, the sequence shows striking all-time peaks in marine and estuarine birds, fish NISP/m3, and fish/deer + rabbits during the MCA. Heavy exploitation of fish, aquatic birds, rabbits, and shellfish suggests that the bow and arrow, which seems to have arrived in the area at this time, had little impact on local subsistence strategies.

La secuencia residencial de unos 8,000 años de duración procedente de Morro Bay (un pequeño estuario aislado en la costa central de California, Estados Unidos) está compuesta por un gran conjunto faunístico que incluye restos de mamíferos, aves, peces y mariscos. Dicho conjunto faunístico indica una fuerte dependencia de las especies marinas durante la fase cultural de la Transición Media-Tardía (950–700 cal a.P.), la cual coincide plenamente con la anomalía climática medieval (MCA). Algunos estudios previos han mostrado modestas evidencias sobre el incremento de la pesca y la caza de lepóridos durante la MCA en las regiones adyacentes. Sin embargo, en Morro Bay los hallazgos sugieren la presencia de un refugio basado en los recursos marinos a nivel de subsistencia durante el periodo de sequía. Específicamente, la secuencia muestra unos picos nunca antes vistos en el número de especímenes identificados (NISP) por metro cúbico de restos de aves marinas y de estuario, mariscos y peces en proporción a la cantidad de cérvidos y lepóridos durante el MCA. La intensa explotación de la pesca, las aves acuáticas, los lepóridos y los mariscos sugieren que la llegada del arco y la flecha, coincidente con el mismo periodo, tuvo un impacto reducido en las estrategias de subsistencia locales.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 82 , Issue 2 , April 2017 , pp. 203 - 222
Copyright
Copyright © 2017 by the Society for American Archaeology 

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