Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T04:59:28.748Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Olivella Beads from Spiro and the Plains

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Laura Kozuch
Laura Kozuch*
Affiliation:
Washington University, Campus Box 1114, Department of Anthropology, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Beads made from Gulf of California dwarf olive shells (Olivella dama) have recently been identified from the Spiro site in eastern Oklahoma. This is the first evidence from Spiro of culture contact to the west. The beads, previously identified as Olivella nivea, are important because O. dama originates in the Gulf of California while O. nivea is from the Gulf of Mexico. An overview of Olivella beads from Plains sites reveals a mixture of shell beads originating from the Gulf of Mexico, the Pacific Ocean, and the Gulf of California. The presence of western Olivella beads at Spiro and other Plains sites supports an intensification of trade between Puebloan and Plains peoples during Late Prehistoric times at about A.D. 1400 or slightly earlier, but there is no evidence for strong cultural ties to the west. Olivella beads occur at sites east of the Mississippi River, and these need to be identified to determine coast of origin.

Résumé

Résumé

Cuentas hechas de conchas de la especie oliva enana (Olivella dama) del Golfo de California han sido identificadas en el sitio Spiro en Oklahoma este. Esta es la primera evidencia definitiva que prueba contacto entre la cultura Spiro y las culturas del oeste. Anteriormente estas cuentas fueron identificadas como de la especie Olivella nivea. La diferencia en la especie es importante porque O. dama se origina del Golfo de California y O. nivea en el Golfo de México. La presencia de las cuentas Olivellas del oeste en Spiro y otros sitios de las Planicies indica intensificación del intercambio entre la gente de los Pueblos y Planicies alrededor de 1400 d.C., pero no hay evidencia de lazos culturales con el oeste. Existen perlas de Olivella en sitios al este del Río Mississippi, las que necesitan identificación para determinar la costa de origen.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 67 , Issue 4 , October 2002 , pp. 697 - 709
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Abbott, R. T. 1974 American Seashells: The Marine Mollusca of the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of North America. 2nd ed. Van Nostrand and Reinhold Company, New York.Google Scholar
Abbott, R. T., and Morris, P. A. 1995 Shells of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the West Indies. The Peterson Field Guide Series, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.Google Scholar
Alex, L. 1995-1996 A Recent Discovery of Conus Shell Tinklers from the Northern Plains. South Dakota Archaeology 19 and 20:1-15.Google Scholar
Arnold, J. E., and Munns, A. 1994 Independent or Attached Specialization: The Organization of Shell Bead Production in California. Journal of Field Archaeology 21:473-489.Google Scholar
Baerreis, D. A. 1968 Artifact Descriptions: Bone, Stone and Shell. In Climatic Change and the Mill Creek Culture of Iowa, Part 1 , edited by Henning, D. R., pp. 107-191. University of Nebraska, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Baker, F. C, Griffin, J. B., Morgan, R. G., Neumann, G. K., and Taylor, J. L. B. 1941 Contributions to the Archaeology of the Illinois River Valley. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new series, vol. 32, pt. 1., Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Barker, A. W., Skinner, C. E., Shackley, M. S., Glascock, M. D., Rogers, J. D. 2002 Mesoamerican Origin for an Obsidian Scraper from the Precolumbian Southeastern United States. American Antiquity 67:103-108.Google Scholar
Baugh, T. G. 1991 Ecology and Exchange: The Dynamics of Plains-Pueblo Interaction. In Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists: Interaction Between the Southwest and the Southern Plains, edited by Spielmann, K. A., pp. 107-127. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Bell, R. E. 1947 Trade Materials at Spiro Mound as Indicated by Artifacts. American Antiquity 3:181-184 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, R. E. 1984 Prehistory of Oklahoma. Academic Press, Orlando.Google Scholar
Bennyhoff, J. A., and Hughes, R. E. 1987 Shell Bead and Ornament Exchange Networks Between California and the Western Great Basin. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, 64(2):79-175. New York.Google Scholar
Bevitt, T. C. 1996 The Seuser Site, a Late Prehistoric Occupation in Rush County, Kansas. Paper presented at the Eighteenth Flint Hills Conference, St. Joseph, Missouri.Google Scholar
Black, K. D., Spurr, K., and France, D. L. 1991 Two Ceramic Period Burials from Southeastern Colorado. Southwestern Lore 57(3): 1–27.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. J. E. 1996 The Role of Casas Grandes in Prehistoric Shell Exchange Networks Within the Southwest. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. J. E. 1999 Shell Exchange within the Southwest. In The Casas Grandes World, edited by Schaafsma, C. F. and Riley, C. L., pp. 213-228. The University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Brain, J. P., and Phillips, P. 1996 Shell Gorgets: Styles of the Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric Southeast. 2 vols. Peabody Museum Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Brand, D. D. 1938 Aboriginal Trade Routes for Sea Shells in the Southwest. Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers 4:3-10.Google Scholar
Brown, J. A. 1983 Spiro Exchange Connections Revealed by Sources of Imported Raw Materials. In Southeastern Natives and Their Pasts: A Collection of Papers Honoring Dr. Robert E. Bell, edited by Wyckoff, D. G. and Hofman, J. L., pp. 129-162. Oklahoma Archeological Survey Studies in Oklahoma's Past No. 11. Cross Timbers Heritage Association, Contribution No. 2, Norman.Google Scholar
Brown, J. A. 1989 On Style Divisions of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex: A Revisionist Perspective. In The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex: Artifacts and Analysis, edited by Galloway, P., pp. 183-204. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Brown, J. A. 1996 The Spiro Ceremonial Center: The Archaeology of Arkansas Valley Caddoan Culture in Eastern Oklahoma. 2 vols. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology No. 29. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Brown, J. A., and Rogers, J. D. 1999 AMS Dates on Artifacts of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex from Spiro. Southeastern Archaeology 18:134-141.Google Scholar
Brown, J. A., Kerber, R. A., and Winters, H. D. 1990 Trade and the Evolution of Exchange Relations at the Beginning of the Mississippian Period. In The Mississippian Emergence, edited by Smith, B. D., pp. 251-280. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Bruseth, J. E., Wilson, D. E., and Perttula, T. K. 1995 The Sanders Site: A Spiroan Entrepot in Texas? Plains Anthropologist 40:223-236.Google Scholar
Buckles, W. G., Ewing, G. H., Buckles, N., Armelagos, G. J., Wood, J. J., Haug, J. D., and McCullough, J. H. 1963 The Excavation of the Hazeltine Heights Site. Southwestern Lore 29:1-37.Google Scholar
Carlson, G. F. 1997 A Preliminary Survey of Marine Shell Artifacts from Prehistoric Archeological Sites in Nebraska. Central Plains Archeology 5:11–48.Google Scholar
Clements, F. E. 1945 Historical Sketch of the Spiro Mound. Contributions from the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation 14:48-68.Google Scholar
Colton, H. S. 1941 Prehistoric Trade in the Southwest. Scientific Monthly 52:308-319.Google Scholar
Coovert, G. A. 1988 Marginellas from Sunwatch, a Prehistoric Indian Village in SW Ohio. Marginella Marginalia 4(4):27-34.Google Scholar
Cordell, L. 1997 Archaeology of the Southwest. Academic Press, San Diego.Google Scholar
Cvancara, A. M., and Kent, B. C. 1963 A Marine Shell-Pottery Find in North Dakota. Plains Anthropologist 8:170-173.Google Scholar
DiPeso, C. C. 1974 Casas Grandes: A Fallen Trading Center of the Gran Chichimeca. Vols. 1-8. Amerind Foundation No. 9. Dragoon, Arizona.Google Scholar
Drass, R. R. 2000 “2000 Summer Archaeological Field School at the Odessa Yates Site.” http://faculty-staff.ou.edU/D/Richard.R.Drass-1/Odessa%20Yates/odessa.htm.Google Scholar
Fairbanks, C. H. 1956 Archeology of the Funeral Mound: Ocmulgee National Monument, Georgia. Archeological Research Series No. 3, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Farmer, M. F. 1935 The Mojave Trade Route. The Masterkey 9(5):154-l57.Google Scholar
Felger, R. S., and Moser, M. B. 1985 People of the Desert and Sea: Ethnobotany of the Seri Indians. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Ford, R. I. 1983 Inter-Indian Exchange in the Southwest. In Southwest, edited by Ortiz, A., pp. 711-722. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 10, Sturtevant, W. C., general editor. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Fowler, M. L., Rose, J., Vander Leest, B., Ahler, S. R. 1999 The Mound 72 Area: Dedicated and Sacred Space in Early Cahokia. Illinois State Museum, Reports of Investigation No. 54. Springfield. Google Scholar
Gilmore, K. P., Tate, M., Chenault, M. L., Clark, B., McBride, T., and Wood, M. 1999 Colorado Prehistory: A Context for the Platte River Basin. Colorado Council of Professional Archaeologists, Denver.Google Scholar
Hale, H. S. 1976 Marine Shells in Midwestern Archaeological Sites and the Determination of Their Most Probable Source. Unpublished Master's thesis, College of Social Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton.Google Scholar
Hamilton, H. W. 1952 The Spiro Mound. The Missouri Archaeologist 14:17-88.Google Scholar
Hargrave, L. L. 1970 Mexican Macaws: Comparative Osteology and Survey of Remains From the Southwest. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona, No. 20. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Hawley, M. F. 2000 European-Contact and Southwestern Artifacts in the Lower Walnut Focus Sites at Arkansas City, Kansas. Plains Anthropologist 45:237-255.Google Scholar
Heizer, R. F. 1941 Aboriginal Trade Between the Southwest and California. The Masterkey 15:185-188.Google Scholar
Heizer, R. F. 1978 Trade and Trails. In California, edited by Heizer, R. F., pp. 690-693. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8, Sturtevant, W. C., general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Henning, D. R. 2001 Plains Village Tradition: Eastern Periphery and Oneota Tradition. In Plains, edited by DeMallie, R. J., pp. 222-233. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 13, Sturtevant, W. C., general editor. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Marks, M. K., and Manhein, M. H., 1989 From Clovis to Comanchero: Archeological Overview of the Southern Great Plains. Arkansas Archeological Survey Research Series No. 35, Fayetteville.Google Scholar
Howard, J., and Brown, D. 1973 A Puebloid Burial From Western Oklahoma. Bulletin of the Oklahoma Anthropological Society 22:207-216.Google Scholar
Hughes, R. E., and Bennyhoff, J. A. 1986 Early Trade. In Great Basin, edited by D’Azevedo, W. L., pp. 238-255. Handbook of North American Indians, Sturtevant, W. C., vol. 11. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C Google Scholar
Jackson, T. L., and Ericson, J. E. 1994 Prehistoric Exchange Systems in California. In Prehistoric Exchange Systems in North America, edited by Baugh, T. G. and Ericson, J. E., pp. 385-415. Plenum Press, New York.Google Scholar
Jackson, A.T., Goldstein, M. S., and Krieger, A. D. 2000 The 1931 Excavations at the Sanders Site Lamar County, Texas: Notes on the Fieldwork, Human Osteology, and Ceramics. Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin.Google Scholar
Keen, A. M. 1971 Sea Shells of Tropical West America. 2nd ed. Stanford University Press, Stanford.Google Scholar
Kelly, J. E. 1994 The Archaeology of the East St. Louis Mound Center: Past and Present. Illinois Archaeology 6( 1 & 2): 1-57.Google Scholar
Kidder, A. V. 1958 Pecos, New Mexico: Archaeological Notes. Papers of the Robert S. Peabody Foundation Vol. 5. Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
King, M. E., and Gardner, J. S. 1981 The Analysis of Textiles from Spiro Mound, Oklahoma. In The Research Potential of Anthropological Museum Collections, Annals of the New York Academy of Science vol. 376, edited by Cantwell, A. E., Griffin, J. B., and Rothschild, N. A., pp. 123-139.Google Scholar
Kivett, M. F. 1949 Archaeological Investigations in Medicine Creek Reservoir, Nebraska. American Antiquity 14:278-284.Google Scholar
Kivett, M. F. 1951 The Woodruff Ossuary, a Prehistoric Burial Site in Phillips County, Kansas. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Kozuch, L. 1998 Marine Shells from Mississippian Sites. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Krieger, A. D. 1946 Culture Complexes in Northern Texas, with Extension of Puebloan Datings to the Mississippi Valley. University of Texas Publication No. 4640, Austin.Google Scholar
Lewis, T. M. N., and Kneberg, M. 1946 Hiwasee Island: An Archaeological Account of Four Tennessee Indian Peoples. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Lintz, C. 1991 Texas Panhandle-Pueblo Interactions from the Thirteenth Through the Sixteenth Century. In Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists: Interaction Between the Southwest and the Southern Plains, edited by Spielmann, K. A., pp. 89-106. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Lippincott, K., and Davis, L. B. 2000 A Prehistoric Freshwater Mussel Collection from the Schmitt Chert Mine Site (24B W559) near Three Forks, Montana. Central Plains Archeology 8:131-142.Google Scholar
Martin, E. R. 1994 The Dillard Site: A Late Prehistoric Plains Village Site in Cooke County, Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 62:105-200.Google Scholar
Moxley, R. W., and Bloemker, J. D. 1985 The Man Site: A Preliminary Report on a Late Prehistoric Village Site in Logan County, West Virginia. West Virginia Archeologist 37(2):3-22.Google Scholar
Nelson, R. S. 1991 Hohokam Marine Shell Exchange and Artifacts. Arizona State Museum Archaeological Series No. 179, Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Neuman, R. W. 1975 The Sonota Complex and Associated Sites on the Northern Great Plains. Nebraska State Historical Society, Publications in Anthropology, No. 6, Lincoln. Google Scholar
Olsson, A. A. 1956 Studies on the Genus Olivella. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 106:155-225.Google Scholar
Orr, K. G. 1946 The Archaeological Situation at Spiro, Oklahoma: A Preliminary Report. American Antiquity 11:228-256.Google Scholar
Parmalee, P. W. 1958 Marine Shells of Illinois Indian Sites. Nautilus 71:131-139.Google Scholar
Perino, G. H. 1971 The Mississippian Component at the Schild Site (No.. 4), Greene County, Illinois. Illinois Archaeological Survey, Bulletin No. 8. Google Scholar
Phillips, P., and Brown, J. A. 1978 Pre-Columbian Shell Engravings from the Craig Mound at Spiro, Oklahoma. 2 vols. Peabody Museum Press, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rehder, H. A. 1996 National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Seashells. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.Google Scholar
Riley, C. L. 1978 Pecos and Trade. In Across the Chichimec Sea: Papers in Honor of J. Charles Kelley, edited by Riley, C. L. and Hedrick, B. C., pp. 53-64. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.Google Scholar
Rodning, C. B. 1998 The Coweeta Creek Site (31MA34) in the Upper Little Tennessee Valley North Carolina. Electronic document, http://rla.unc.edu/apsumm/littletenn/mortuary.Google Scholar
Safer, J. Fearer, and Gill, F. M. 1982 Spirals From the Sea: An Anthropological Look at Shells. Clarkson N. Potter, New York.Google Scholar
Schaafsma, C. F, and Riley, C. L. 1999 Introduction. In The Casas Grandes World, edited by Schaafsma, C.F. and Riley, C. L., pp. 3-11. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Schambach, F. F. 1993 Some New Interpretations of Spiroan Culture History. In Archaeology of Eastern North America: Papers in Honor of Stephen Williams, edited by Stoltman, J. B., pp. 187-230. Archaeological Report No. 25, Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson.Google Scholar
Schambach, F. F. 2000 Spiroan Traders, the Sanders Site, and the Plains Interaction Sphere: A Reply to Bruseth, Wilson, and Perttula. Plains Anthropologist 45:7-33.Google Scholar
Silsbee, J. M. 1958 Determining the General Source of California Olivella Shells. Reports of the University of California Archaeological Survey No. 41. Papers on California Archaeology: 63-39:10-11.Google Scholar
Spielmann, K. A. 1983 Late Prehistoric Exchange Between the Southwest and Southern Plains. Plains Anthropologist 28:257-272.Google Scholar
Spielmann, Katherine A. (editor) 1991 Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists: Interaction Between the Southwest and the Southern Plains. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Steele, D. G. 1987 Utilization of Marine Mollusks by Inhabitants of the Texas Coast. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 58:216-248.Google Scholar
Strong, W. D. 1935 An Introduction to Nebraska Archeology. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 93(10), Washington, D.C..Google Scholar
Tanner, H. H. 1989 The Land and Water Communication Systems of the Southeastern Indians. In Powhatan's Mantle: Indians In the Colonial Southeast, edited by Wood, P. H. and Hatley, M. T., pp. 6-20. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Tower, D. B. 1945 The Use of Marine Mollusca and their Value in Reconstructing Prehistoric Trade Routes. Papers of the Excavators’ Club 2(3), Cambridge.Google Scholar
Turgeon, D. D., Quinn, J. F., Bogan, A. E., Coan, E. V., Hochberg, F. G., Lyons, W. G., Mikkelsen, P. M., Neves, R. J., Roper, C. F. E., Rosenberg, G., Roth, B., Scheltema, A.,Thompson, F. G.,Vecchione, M., and Williams, J. D. 1998 Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society Special Publication No. 26. Bethesda, Maryland.Google Scholar
Vehik, S. 1990 Late Prehistoric Plains Trade and Economic Specialization. Plains Anthropologist 35:125-145.Google Scholar
Vehik, S. 2002 Conflict, Trade, and Political Development on the Southern Plains. American Antiquity 67:37-64.Google Scholar
Vehik, S., and Baugh, T. G. 1994 Prehistoric Plains Trade. In Prehistoric Exchange Systems in North America, edited by Baugh, T. G. and Ericson, J. E., pp. 249-275. Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Webb, C. H. 1959 The Belcher Mound: A Stratified Caddoan Site in Caddo Parish, Louisiana. Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology, No. 16. Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Webb, William S. 1974 [1946] Indian Knoll. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Wedel, W. R. 1959 An Introduction to Kansas Archeology. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 174. Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Wedel, W. R. 1982 Further Notes on Puebloan-Central Plains Contacts in Light of Archaeology, In Pathways to Plains Prehistory: Anthropological Perspectives of Plains Natives and Their Pasts, edited by Wyckoff, D. G. and Hofman, J. L., pp. 145-152. Oklahoma Anthropological Society, Memoir No. 3.Google Scholar
Wheeler, R. P. 1997 Archaeological Investigations in Three Reservoir Areas in South Dakota and Wyoming, Part III, Boysen Reservoir. Reprints in Anthropology, Vol. 49. J & L Reprint Company, Lincoln, NE.Google Scholar
Wilcox, D. R. 1991 Changing Contexts of Pueblo Adaptations, A.D. 1250-1600, In Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists: Interaction Between the Southwest and the Southern Plains, edited by Spielmann, K. A., pp 128-154. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Wood, W. R. 1980 Plains Trade in Prehistoric and Protohistoric Intertribal Relations. In Anthropology on the Great Plains, edited by Wood, W. R. and Liberty, M., pp. 98-109. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Zier, C. J., and Kalasz, S. M. 1999 Colorado Prehistory: A Context for the Arkansas River Basin. Colorado Council of Professional Archaeologists, Denver. Google Scholar