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Reevaluating Diet and Technology in the Archaic Great Basin Using Starch Grain Assemblages from Hogup Cave UTAH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Nicole M. Herzog  and
Anne T. Lawlor
Nicole M. Herzog*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 South 1400 East, Room 102, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and the Natural History Museum of Utah, 301 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
Anne T. Lawlor
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 South 1400 East, Room 102, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and the Natural History Museum of Utah, 301 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
*
(nicole.herzog@anthro.utah.edu, corresponding author)
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Abstract

Identifying the relationships between prehistoric technologies and their role in food processing is important in understanding the timing, constraints, and motivations for dietary shifts in the past. However, direct evidence linking tools to specific plant foods is often lacking. This is especially true for archaeological assemblages dating to the early Holocene in the Great Basin. During this period, the appearance of milling stones and coiled basketry has often been assumed to represent a dietary transition marked by an increased reliance on lower-return plant foods, specifically small seeds. Here we evaluate the role of milling stones and basketry in the processing of low-return seeds by analyzing starch granules recovered from artifacts dating to the early and mid-Holocene from Hogup Cave, Utah. Results suggest that basketry and milling stones were used to process different resource types. Starch granules on milling stones primarily represent geophytes, while those from baskets are limited to small-seeded plant taxa mainly within the amaranth family. Results lead us to reevaluate the hypothesis that the appearance of these tools signals dietary broadening and prompt an array of new questions about early Holocene diets, the role and costs of processing technology, and the relative value of seed resources.

Identificar la relación que existe entre el uso de la tecnología prehistórica y su papel en el procesamiento de alimentos, es un paso importante para entender el ritmo, los obstáculos y las motivaciones en los cambios de las dietas alimenticias del pasado. Sin embargo, es difícil identificar la evidencia directa que existe entre la conexión del uso de las herramientas utilizadas en el pasado, y los recursos alimenticios en sitios arqueológicos. Esto es especialmente cierto en lo que se refiere a las dietas de los habitantes del Holocene en la Gran Cuenca. En este periodo, la aparición de piedras para moler y el de cestas tejidas en forma espiral ha sido asociada a una transición dietética marcada por el aumento en la dependencia del uso de plantas, específicamente de semillas pequeñas. Aquí evaluamos el uso de piedras para moler y el de cestas tejidas en forma espiral para el procesamiento de semillas mediante el análisis de gránulos de almidón recuperados de los artefactos del Holoceno Temprano y Medio hallados en la cueva Hogup en Utah. Los residuos de almidón estudiados, proveen evidencia directa del uso de plantas. Gránulos de almidón en las piedras de moler estuvieron representados principalmente por geofitos, mientras que aquellos recuperados de canastas se limitaron a taxa vegetal principalmente dentro de la familia del amaranto. Los resultados de esta investigación nos invitan a reevaluar la hipótesis que plantea la aparición de estas herramientas como señal de cambio dietético. Asimismo, nos invitan a cuestionar y profundizar sobre la dieta alimenticia en el Holoceno Temprano; su papel, el ritmo y el costo de uso de tecnologías de procesamiento y el valor relativo de semillas.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 81 , Issue 4 , October 2016 , pp. 664 - 681
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2016 

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