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Revisiting Bone Grease Rendering in Highly Fragmented Assemblages

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2020

Eugène Morin Open the ORCID record for Eugène Morin [Opens in a new window]
Eugène Morin*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Trent University, DNA Building, Block C, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada; Université de Bordeaux, PACEA, F-33400Talence, France
*
(eugenemorin@trentu.ca, corresponding author)
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Abstract

Bone grease rendering is a low-return activity well described in the ethnohistorical and ethnographic literature. However, identifying this activity in archaeological contexts is complex because diagnostic criteria are few. The goals of this article are twofold: (1) to provide new experimental data on bone grease manufacture for assemblages associated with severe fragmentation, and (2) to assess how these data can be used to make stronger inferences about skeletal fat processing in the archaeological record. The results presented here show that, despite some variation, several forms of damage appear to be diagnostic of bone grease manufacture, regardless of the degree of fragmentation. The results indicate that extensive pounding produces many fragments that can be identified as deriving from articular ends, which conflicts with the oft-cited notion that articular ends are destroyed “beyond recognition” during this activity. Consequently, assemblages with few epiphyseal remains are not consistent with bone grease rendering, assuming that the comminuted fragments were not burned or discarded off-site after boiling. Because bone grease manufacture produces many small fragments, a close analysis of the indeterminate remains is strongly recommended, as is the use of fine mesh screens (2 mm or smaller) in excavations.

La production de bouillon d'os est une activité à faible rendement énergétique bien documentée en ethnohistoire et dans la littérature ethnographique. Toutefois, un manque de critères diagnostiques fiables rend son identification difficile en contexte archéologique. Le but du présent article est double, il vise: i) d'abord à présenter de nouvelles données expérimentales permettant de mieux appréhender les assemblages fauniques fortement fragmentés potentiellement associés à la production de bouillon d'os, et ii) ensuite à évaluer comment ces données peuvent contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des processus d'exploitation du squelette à des fins nutritives dans le registre archéologique. Les données obtenues montrent qu'en dépit d'une certaine variation, plusieurs critères diagnostiques de la production de bouillon d'os peuvent être reconnus peu importe le degré de fragmentation. Les résultats indiquent également que le concassage poussé de l'os produit une quantité importante de fragments pouvant être identifiés comme émanant des portions articulaires, ce qui va à l'encontre de l'idée que ce processus rend la détermination des épiphyses impossible. Pour cette raison, les assemblages contenant peu de fragments articulaires semblent peu compatibles avec la production de bouillon d'os, en présumant que les fragments en question n'ont pas été brûlés ou jetés hors site. Étant donné que cette activité produit un très grand nombre de petits fragments, l'analyse de la fraction fine et l'emploi de tamis à petite maille (2mm ou moins) sont fortement recommandés.

Keywords

faunal analysisbone grease renderingbone fragmentationtaphonomymarrowfatarchaeozoologyfaunebouillon d'ostaphonomie bouillon grasgraissearchéozoologiezooarchéologie
Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 85 , Issue 3 , July 2020 , pp. 535 - 553
Copyright
Copyright © 2020 by the Society for American Archaeology

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