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The Significance of New Faunal Identifications Attributed to an Early Paleoindian (Gainey Complex) Occupation at the Udora Site, Ontario, Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Peter L. Storck  and
Arthur E. Spiess
Peter L. Storck
Affiliation:
Department of New World Archaeology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C6
Arthur E. Spiess
Affiliation:
Maine Historic Preservation Commission, Augusta, ME 04333
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Abstract

Analysis of calcined bone from the Udora site in south-central Ontario, Canada, indicates that the subsistence of Early Paleoindian (Gainey complex) peoples in the lower Great Lakes region included a mix of both large and small mammals: caribou, hare, and arctic fox. The presence of arctic fox and other paleoecological data indicate that the Paleoindian occupation at Udora occurred in a spruce parkland environment between 10,000 and 10,500 years ago, the minimum age of that habitat, or earlier. Evidence that Paleoindian peoples in northeastern North America also hunted caribou suggests that the concept of a “northern” adaptive zone in the greater Northeast (including the Great Lakes region) has some validity; however, the presence of both parkland and forested environments in this zone and presumed caribou behavioral responses to those environments indicate that Paleoindian adaptations to caribou may have been quite variable.

Resumen

Resumen

El análisis de hueso quemado del sitio de Udora en el área centro-sur de Ontario, Canadá, indica que el sustento Paleoindio Temprano (complejo Gainey) en la región inferior de los Grandes Lagos consistía en una mezcla de mamíferos tanto grandes como pequeños: reno norteamericano, liebre y zorra ártica. La presencia de la zorra ártica, junto con otros datos paleoecológicos, indica que la ocupación paleoindia en Udora tuvo lugar en un ambiente de campiña de abeto hace 10.000 a 10.500 años, la edad mínima de dicho ambiente, o más temprano. Evidencia de que los grupos paleoindios del noreste de Norteamérica también cazaban el reno sugiere que el concepto de una zona “norteña” de adaptación en el noreste (inclusive la región de los Grandes Lagos) tiene algo de validez; sin embargo, la presencia tanto de campiña como de ambientes forestados en esta zona, así como las presuntas reacciones del reno a dichos ambientes, indican que las adaptaciones de los paleoindios al reno podrían haber sido bastante variables.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 59 , Issue 1 , January 1994 , pp. 121 - 142
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1994

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