Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T01:37:54.925Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Space Syntax Analysis at the Chacoan Outlier of Guadalupe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ruth M. Van Dyke
Ruth M. Van Dyke*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Space syntax analysis is a popular method for investigating social processes by quantifying the relationships among architectural spaces. Identification of spatial patterns is straightforward, but interpretation is less so. In this study, segregated spatial patterns were assumed to indicate the presence of social inequality. A space syntax analysis was conducted for Guadalupe Ruin, an excavated, outlying Chacoan great house with three well-dated construction episodes. The study investigated great house function and social context. Results seemed contradictory until room function and pueblo layout were incorporated into the interpretation. The great house can be understood as an group of separate but equal household units accessible primarily through the roof and plaza. Analyzed as a discrete entity, Guadalupe Ruin appears to have been a domestic building rather than an administrative or ceremonial facility. However, topographic restrictions and other differences with the surrounding community of small sites need to be explored through an expanded study at the community level. Comparison of the Guadalupe study with other great house space syntax analyses supports the recognition that Chacoan great houses varied considerably across time and space.

Résumé

Résumé

El análisis delsintaxis del espacio es un método de modapara investigarprocesos sociales. El análisis cuantifica la organizatión espacial y arquitectónica. La identificatián de diseños espaciales es fácil, pero la interpretation es difícil. En este estudio, los diseños espaciales segregados fueron asumidos para indicar un contexto social de desigualdad. Un análisis del sintaxis del espacio fue conducido para la gran casa de Guadalupe. Esta ruina excavada es periférica de Chaco Canyon y manifesto tres episodios de la constructión. El estudio investigó la función y el contexto social de la gran casa. Los resultados se parecían contradictorios hasta que la función y la organización del edificiofueron incorporadas en la interpretación. La gran casa representa uno grupo de unidades domésticas separades pero iguales. Por lo general, las entradas son de la azotea o de la plaza. A solas, la ruina de Guadalupe aparece haber sido una casa doméstica más bien que un edificio administrativo o ceremonial. Sin embargo, las restricciones topográficas y otras diferencias con la comunidad circundante necesitan ser exploradas con un estudio ampliado. La comparación del estudio de Guadalupe con otros análisis del sintaxis del espacio indica que las gran casas de Chaco variaron considerablemente a través de tiempo y de espacio.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 64 , Issue 3 , July 1999 , pp. 461 - 473
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Adams, E. C. 1983 The Architectural Analogue to Hopi Social Organization and Room Use, and Implications for Prehistoric Northern Southwestern Culture. American Antiquity 48: 44–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, L. L. 1984 Stabilization of Guadalupe Ruin. Contributions in Anthropology 11. Eastern New Mexico University, Portales.Google Scholar
Banning, E. B. 1996 Houses, Compounds, and Mansions in the Prehistoric Near East. In People Who Lived in Big Houses: Archaeological Perspectives on Large Domestic Structures, edited by Coupland, G. and Banning, E.B. pp. 165–185. Monographs in World Archaeology 27. Prehistory Press, Madison.Google Scholar
Banning, E. B., and Byrd, B. F. 1989 Alternative Approaches for Exploring Levantine Neolithic Architecture. Paleorient 15: 154–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bannister, B., Robinson, W J., and Warren, R.L. 1970 Tree-ring Dating of the Archaeological Sites in the Chaco Canyon Region, New Mexico. Southwestern Monuments Association Technical Series 6(2), Globe.Google Scholar
Batty, M. 1985 Review of The Social Logic of Space, by Hillier, B. and Hanson, J.. Sociology 19: 161–162.Google Scholar
Bonanno, A., Gouder, T., Malone, C., and Stoddart, S. 1990 Monuments in an Island Society: The Maltese Context. World Archaeology 22(2): 189–205.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. 1971 The Berber House or the World Reversed. In Echdnges et Communications, edited by Pouillon, J. and Maranda, P., pp. 151- 169. Mouton, The Hague.Google Scholar
Bradley, B. 1992 Excavations at Sand Canyon Pueblo. In The Sand Canyon Archaeological Project, edited by Lipe, W. D., pp. 79–91. Occasional Paper 2. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.Google Scholar
Bradley, B. 1993 Planning, Growth, and Functional Differentiation at a Prehistoric Pueblo: A Case Study from SW Colorado. Journal of Field Archaeology 20: 20–23.Google Scholar
Bustard, W. 1996 Space as Place: Small and Great House Spatial Organization in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, A.D. 1000-1150. Ph.D. dissertation, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Cooper, L. M. 1995 Space Syntax Analysis of Chacoan Great Houses. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson. UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Cooper, L. M. 1992 Meaningful Constructions—Spatial and Functional Analysis of Medieval Buildings. Antiquity 66: 348–366.Google Scholar
Ferguson, T. J. 1996 Historic Zuni Architecture and Society: An Archaeological Application of Space Syntax. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona No. 60. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Foster, S. M. 1989 Analysis of Spatial Patterns in Buildings (Access Analysis) as an Insight into Social Structure: Examples from the Scottish Atlantic Iron Age. Antiquity 63: 40–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, M. 1977 Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, translated by A. Sheridan. Vintage Books, New York.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. 1982 Space, Knowledge, and Power. In The Foucault Reader, edited by Rabinow, P., pp. 239–256. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Fowler, A. P., Stein, J. R., and Anyon, R. 1987 An Archaeological Reconnaissance ofWest-Central New Mexico: The Anasazi Monuments Pro/'ecf. New Mexico State Historic Preservation Division, Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Giddens, A. 1984 The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
HiUier, B. 1985 The Nature of the Artificial: The Contingent and the Necessary in Spatial Form in Architecture. Geoforum 16(2): 163–178.Google Scholar
HiUier, B. 1989 The Architecture of the Urban Object. Ekistics 334/335: 5–21.Google Scholar
HiUier, B. 1996 Space is the Machine. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. 1984 The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hillier, B., Hanson, J., and Graham, H. 1987 Ideas are in Things: An Application of the Space Syntax Method to Discovering House Genotypes. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 14: 363–385.Google Scholar
Hillier, B., Hanson, J., and Peponis, J. 1987 Syntactic Analysis of Settlements. Architecture and Behaviour 3(3): 217–231.Google Scholar
Hillier, B., Leaman, A., Stansall, P., and Bedford, M. 1976 Space Syntax. Environment and Planning B 3: 147–185.Google Scholar
Hopkins, M. 1987 Network Analysis of the Plans of Some Teotihuacan Apartment Compounds. Environment and Planning B 14: 387–406.Google Scholar
Judd, N. M. 1959 Pueblo del Arroyo, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 138 (1).Google Scholar
Judd, N. M. 1964 The Architecture of Pueblo Bonito. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 147 (1).Google Scholar
Judge, W.J. 1989 Chaco Canyon—San Juan Basin. In Dynamics of Southwest Prehistory, edited by Cordell, L. S. and Gumerman, G.J. pp. 209–261. Smithsonian Institution, Washington.Google Scholar
Laurence, R. 1994 Roman Pompeii, Space and Society. Routledge, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, R. L. 1986 Review of The Social Logic of Space, by B. Hillier and J. Hanson. Anthropos 81: 331.Google Scholar
Lawrence, R. L. 1987 Housing, Dwellings, and Homes: Design Theory, Research, and Practice. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, England.Google Scholar
Leach, E. 1978 Does Space Syntax Really ‘Constitute the Social'? In Social Organization and Settlement: Contributions from Anthropology, edited by Green, D. R., Haselgrove, C., and Spriggs, M., pp. 385–401. BAR International Series 471. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, H. 1989 The Production of Space, translated by D. Nicholson- Smith. Blackwell, London.Google Scholar
Lekson, S. H. 1984 Great Pueblo Architecture of Chaco Canyon, NewMexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Lekson, S. H. 1991 Settlement Patterns and the Chaco Region. In Chaco and Hohokam: Prehistoric Regional Systems in the American Southwest, edited by Crown, P.L. and Judge, W J., pp. 31–55. School of American Research, Santa Fe.Google Scholar
Lipe, W.D. 1989 Social Scale of Mesa Verde Anasazi Kivas. In The Architecture of Social Integration in Prehistoric Pueblos, edited by Lipe, W. D. and Hegmon, M., pp. 53–71. Occasional Paper 2. Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, Colorado.Google Scholar
Marshall, M. P., Stein, J.R., Loose, R.W., and Novotny, J.E. 1979 Anasazi Communities of the San Juan Basin. Public Service Company of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Mathien, F. J. 1993 Exchange Systems and Social Stratification among the Chaco Anasazi. In The American Southwest and Mesoamerica: Systems of Prehistoric Exchange, edited by Ericson, J. E. and Baugh, T. G., pp. 27–63. Plenum Press, New York.Google Scholar
Mindeleff, V. 1989 A Study of Pueblo Architecture in Tusayan and Cibola. Reprinted. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Originally published 1891, Annual Report 8, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Moore, J.D. 1992 Pattern and Meaning in Prehistoric Peruvian Architecture: The Architecture of Social Control in the Chimu State. Latin American Antiquity 3: 95–113.Google Scholar
Orhun, D., Hillier, B., and Hanson, J. 1995 Spatial Types in Traditional Turkish Houses. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 22: 475–198.Google Scholar
Osman, K. M., and Suliman, M. 1994 The Space Syntax Methodology: Fits and Misfits. Architecture and Behaviour 10(2): 189–204.Google Scholar
Osman, K. M., and Suliman, M. 1995 Space Syntax: A Modified Algorithm for the Analysis of Non-Western Houses. Open House International 20(4): 46–53.Google Scholar
Pippin, L. C. 1987 Prehistory and Paleoecology of Guadalupe Ruin, New Mexico. Anthropological Papers 112. University of Utah, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Plimpton, C. L., and Hassan, F.A. 1987 Social Space: A Determinant of House Architecture. Planning and Environment B 7: 439–449.Google Scholar
Potter, J. 1998 The Structure of Open Space in Late Prehistoric Settlements in the Southwest. In Migration and Reorganization: The Pueblo TV Period in the American Southwest, edited by Spielmann, K. A., pp. 137–153. Anthropological Research Papers 51. Arizona State University, Tempe.Google Scholar
Powers, R. P., Gillespie, W B., and Lekson, S. H. 1983 The Outlier Survey: A Regional View of Settlement in the San Juan Basin. Reports of the Chaco Center, vol. 3. Division of Cultural Research, National Park Service, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Schelberg, J. D. 1984 Analogy, Complexity, and Regionally-based Perspectives. In Recent Research on Chaco Prehistory, edited by Judge, W. J. and Schelberg, J.D. pp. 5–21. Reports of the Chaco Center, vol. 8. Division of Cultural Research, National Park Service, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Sebastian, L. 1992 The Chaco Anasazi: Sociopolitical Evolution in the Prehistoric Southwest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Shapiro, J. S. 1997 Fingerprints on the Landscape: Space Syntax Analysis and Cultural Evolution in the Northern Rio Grande. Ph.D. dissertation, Pennsylvania State University. UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Smith, A. T. 1996 Imperial Archipelago: The Making of the Urartian Landscape in Southern Transcaucasia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona. UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Stein, J. R., and Lekson, S. H. 1992 Anasazi Ritual Landscapes. In Anasazi Regional Organization and the Chaco System, pp. 87–100. Anthropological Papers 5. Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Steward, J. 1937 Ecological Aspects of Southwestern Society. Anthropos 32: 87–104.Google Scholar
Toll, H. W. 1985 Pottery, Production, and the Chacoan Anasazi System. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder. UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Van Dyke, R. M. 1998 The Chaco Connection: Bonito Style Architecture in Outlier Communities. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson. UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Van Dyke, R. M. 1999 Chacoan Ritual Landscapes: The View from the Red Mesa Valley. In Great House Communities across the Chaco Landscape, edited by Kantner, J. and Mahoney, N., Chapter 5. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona, University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Vivian, R. G. 1989 Kluckhohn Reappraised: The Chacoan System as Egalitarian Enterprise. Journal of Anthropological Research 45: 101–113.Google Scholar
Vivian, R. G. 1990 The Chacoan Prehistory of the San Juan Basin. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Washburn, D. K. 1974 Nearest Neighbor Analysis of Pueblo I-in Settlement Patterns along the Rio Puerco of the East, New Mexico. American Antiquity 39: 315–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcox, D. R. 1993 The Evolution of the Chacoan Polity. In The Chimney Rock Archaeological Symposium, edited by J. McK. Malville and G. Matlock, pp. 76–90. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service General Technical Report RM-227.Google Scholar
Windes, T. 1984 A New Look at Population in Chaco Canyon. In Recent Research on Chaco Prehistory, edited by Judge, W. J. and Schelberg, J.D. pp. 75–87. Reports of the Chaco Center, vol. 8. Division of Cultural Research, National Park Service, Albuquerque.Google Scholar