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Cuban American Bar Association, Inc. v. Christopher. 43 F.3d 1412. Haitian Refugee Center, Inc. v. Christopher. 43 F.3d 1431

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2017

Thomas David Jones
Thomas David Jones*
Affiliation:
Southern University Law Center
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Type
International Decisions
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 90 , Issue 3 , July 1996 , pp. 477 - 483
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1996

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References

1 Cuban American Bar Ass’n v. Christopher, No. 94–2138 (S.D. Fla. Oct. 26, 1994) (C Clyde Atkins, J.) [hereinafter Memorandum Order]. See generally Haitian Centers Council v. Sale, 823 F.Supp. 1110 (E.D.N.Y. 1993) [Sale I]; Sale v. Haitian Centers Council, Inc., 113 S.Ct. 2549 (1993) [Sale II] (holding that Haitian refugees outside United States on the high seas and those transported to Guantanamo Bay had no legally cognizable rights not to be repatriated, under the U.S. Constitution, U.S. domestic statutory law or international law); Haitian Refugee Center, Inc. v. Baker, 949 F.2d 1109 (11th Cir. 1991); Haitian Refugee Center, Inc. v. Baker, 950 F.2d 685 (11th Cir. 1991); and Haitian Refugee Center, Inc. v. Baker, 953 F.2d 1498 (11th Cir. 1992) [Baker III], referred to throughout this note. The Baker cases preceded Safe II. For background, see this author’s case note, Sale v. Haitian Centers Council, Inc., 88 AJIL 114 (1994).

2 Memorandum Order, supra note 1.

3 43 F.3d 1412, 1417, 1424 nn.9, 10.

4 8 U.S.C. §1253(h)(1).

5 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, Jan. 31, 1967, 19 UST 6223, 606 UNTS 267 (incorporating parts of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, July 26, 1951, 189 UNTS 150).

6 43 F.3d at 1425–26, 1428–29.

7 727 F.2d 957 (11th Cir. 1985).

8 43 F.3d at 1433 (citing 43 F.3d at 1427).

9 Thomas W. Lippman, Secret U.S. Diplomacy Fails to Nudge Nigeria, Wash. Post, July 20, 1995, at A20.

10 GA Res. 217A (III), UN Doc. A/810, at 71 (1948).

11 Dec. 16, 1966, 999 UNTS 171.

12 Theodor Meron, Extraterritoriality of Human Rights Treaties, 89 AJIL 78, 79 (1995).

13 Thomas David Jones, The Haitian Refugee Crisis: A Quest for Human Rights, 15 Mich. J. Int’l L. 77, 112 (1993).

14 113 S.Ct. 2549, 2576–77 (1993) (Blackmun, J., dissenting).

15 Jean v. Nelson, 472 U.S. 845 (1985).

16 Opened for signature Mar. 7, 1966, 660 UNTS 195 (entered into force for U.S. Nov. 20, 1994).

17 Restatement (Third) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States §702 (1987).

18 See Transcript of Proceeding Before Hon. K. Michael Moore, Haitian Refugee Center v. Christopher, No. 95-0022, at 3–4 (S.D. Fla. Jan. 5, 1995) (quoting Chief Asylum Officer of the United States concerning human rights violations).

19 Ray v. Dep’t of Justice, 908 F.2d 1549, 1554 (11th Cir. 1990).

20 43 F.3d at 1433.

21 See generally Christopher M. Tiso, Safe Haven Refugee Program: A Method of Combating International Refugee Crises, 8 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 575 (1994); T. Alexander Aleinikoff, Safe Haven: Pragmatics and Prospects, 35 Va. J. Int’l L. 71 (1994); Joan Fitzpatrick, Flight from Asylum: Trends Toward Temporary “Refuge” and Local Responses to Forced Migrations, 35 Va. J. Int’l L. 13 (1994).