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The Kolkhoz: Its Social Structure and Development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2018

Alexander Vucinich
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Extract

The kolkhozy are rural associations based on the principles of coöperative management, public ownership of the principal means of production, collective labor, annual planning of production, and remuneration for labor based upon the socialist dictum of “from each according to his ability, to each according to his work.” They are now in the second phase of their development. During the first phase, which ended approximately in 1939-40, the Soviet authorities were concerned primarily with grouping individual peasants into coöperative enterprises. Eighteen and a half million peasant families were united into 242,000 agricultural coöperatives (artels) comprising a total of 488,000,000 hectares (1,205,000,000 acres) of land.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Slavic and East European Review , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , February 1949 , pp. 10 - 24
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 1949

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References

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7 Both directives are published in Socialističeskoe sel'skoe khozjajstvo, XVII, No. 9 (September, 1946), 3-12.

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12 Ibid., p. 10,

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14 Ibid., p. 23.

15 Ibid., p. 19.

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24 “In socialist agriculture the peasants are replaced by workers of new professions, unknown to the old village. In 1938, in socialist agriculture there were 440,000 tractor operators, 247,000 operators of combine harvesters, 214,000 truck drivers, 120,000 leaders of tractor brigades, 40,000 mechanics, etc. In 1940, 3,000,000 workers were engaged in mechanized agricultural work.” L. I. Berri, “ K voprosu o razdelenii truda v socialističeskom obščestve,” Izvestija Akademii Nauk SSSR: Otdelenie ekonomiki i prava, No. 3 (May-June, 1947), p. 169.

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30 Ibid., p. 6.

31 Ibid., pp. 6-7.

32 Ibid., p. 9.

33 Ibid., p. 8.