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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 December 2015
A Phase of American history that calls for a more adequate appraisal is the role played by Catholics in the cultural life of Mexico during the nineteenth century, from Hidalgo’s dash for independence in 1810 to the collapse of the Díaz regime in 1910. It is commonly believed that during these hundred years Catholics in Mexico were dolefully sitting on the sidelines and sucking their thumbs, wistfully waiting for a chance to enter once more and enrich with their contribution the temple of national culture. So many imagine that Catholics in nineteenth-century Mexico, being fettered politically and black-listed socially, manifested little interest and made no worthwhile contributions along cultural lines. Belonging generally to the so-called “conservative” party in the political arena, they are supposed to have been debarred from the cultured “liberal” circles of the day and for this reason remained inarticulate, contributing nothing of real importance and enduring value to the culture of independent Mexico and exerting no appreciable influence on contemporary literature, art, science, and education.
Introductory Note: This study has developed from a paper read at the annual convention of the American Catholic Historical Association in December, 1939. The author has since uncovered much new material and acquired greater certainty concerning the religious status of individual men of letters in nineteenth-century Mexico. The study, as it now appears, incorporates all this new material. The author does not pretend to have exhausted the subject. He is convinced that further researches will reveal the names of many scholars and writers who made valuable contributions to belles-lettres in nineteenth-century Mexico and who, for also having remained true to their faith and their Church, deserve a place with the writers mentioned in the present study.
1 Pimentel, Francisco, Historia Crítica de la Poesía en México, 2nd corrected and enlarged edition (México, 1892), 837. For the present study the writer has leaned heavily on this work, notably for the period preceding the Díaz régime.Google Scholar
2 See Cuevas, Mariano S.J., Historia de la Iglesia en Mexico, V (El Paso, Texas, 1928), 379 Google Scholar, note 9, in the case of Pallares, Vallarta, Mateos, Prieto, Nervo, Bulnes, and Sierra. Concerning Prieto see also Pina, José Castillo y, Mis Recuerdos (México, 1941), 256–360 Google Scholar, and Malcolm Dallas McLean, El Contenido Literario de “El Siglo Diez y Nueve” (México, 1938), 35–36. Concerning Flores, see Pimentel, op. cit., 877, 904; and concerning Vigil, cf. Iguiñíz, Juan B., Disquisiciones Bibliográficas (México, D.F., 1943), 89.Google Scholar
3 Published in Mexico City in 1877 and reprinted with a life-sketch of Sosa by Alberto María Carreño in Divulgación Histórica as an appendix to each issue (Nov. 15, 1939—June 15, 1943) of this magazine. Unfortunately the magazine has ceased publication, leaving the reprint of Sosa’s El Episcopado Mexicano unfinished.
4 Alberto María Carreño in his life-sketch of Sosa. See above, note 3.
5 Carreño, Alberto María, El Cronista Luis Gonzalez Obregón (México, 1938).Google Scholar
6 Peña, Carlos González, Historia de la Literatura Mexicana, 2nd ed. (México, 1940), 145.Google Scholar
7 Spell, Jefferson Rea, “Mexican Society as seen by Fernández Lizardi,” reprint of Hispania, VIII No. 2 (May, 1925), 152.Google Scholar
8 Urbina, Luis G., La Vida Literaria de México (Madrid, 1917), 122–123. See also his “Estudio Preliminar” in the Antología del Centenario (Mexico, 1910), CXXVIII-CLXII.Google Scholar
9 The entire poem is printed in Antologia del Centenario (Mexico, 1910), 397–401.
10 Following is an attempt by the present writer to render the quoted portion of the poem into English:
11 Pimentel, op. cit., 440. Chapter IX (389–441) of this highly critical work deals with Martinez de Navarette. See also Urbina, op. cit., 85–96.
12
Quoted by Pimentel, op. cit., 410–411. Translation:
13 Quoted by Pimentel, op. cit., 439. Translation:
14
Cf. Alfonso Méndez Planearte, “Fray José Antonio Planearte”—in Abside, III (1939), No. 9, pp. 39-Í4; and No. 10, pp. 42–59.
15 Urbina, op. cit., 96–102. Pimentel, op. cit., devotes the entire Chapter VIII (pp. 362–388) to Sartorio.
These four (elections are from Pimentel, op. cit., 470, 474–475.
16 Pimentel, op. cit., 476–477; also González Peña, op. cit., 131–132.
17 From Leal’s, Antonio Castro Las Cien Mejores Poesías (líricas) Mexicanas (México, 1935). 43–46.Google Scholar Translation:
18 Pimentel, op. cit., devotes Chapter XI (501–536) to Ochoa y Acuña. See also González Peña, op. cit., 130–131.
19 These two selections are from Pimentel, op. cit., 509, 512. Translations:
20 The three epigrams selected are from Pimentel, op. cit., 525–526. Translations:
21 Pimentel, op. cit., 492. See also Sosa, Francisco, Biografías de Mexicanos Distinguidos (México, 1884), 421–423.Google Scholar
22 Pimentel, op. cit., 491–492; Cubas, Antonio García, Diccionario Geográfico, Histórico y Biográfico de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (México, 1899), I, 371–375.Google Scholar
23 García Cubas, op. cit., 372.
24 From Antologia del Centenario, 232–233. Translation:
25 Cuevas, op. cit., V. 96.
26 González Peña, op. cit., 134. Pimentel devotes Chapter XII (537–595), to Ortega.
27 Pimentel, op. cit., 549, 553, 593.
28 Ibidem, 593, 554.
29 Pimentel, op. cit., 550–553. Translation:
30 Ibidem, 589–590. Translation:
31 Ibidem, 590. Translation:
32 Ibidem, 607. Chapter XIII (596–627) of this work is devoted entirely to Sánchez de Tagle.
33
The poem is printed in Antología de Poetas Mexicanos, 2nd ed. (México, 1894), 79–82. Translation of selected strophes:
34 The entire poem is printed in Antología del Centenario, 602–606. Translation of portion selected:
35 Quoted by González Peña, op. cit., 132.
36 Pimentel, op. cit., 810. See also Sosa, op. cit., 843–848; see also the excellent “Estudio Preliminar” by Luis G. Urbina to the Antología del Centenario, pp. CXI-CXIX.
37 In Castro Leal’s Los Cien Mejores Poesías, 63–68, and in Antologia de Poetas Mexicanos, 83–87.
38 Quoted from Castrol Leal, op. cit., 63, 68. Translation of selected portions: