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The Contribution of Bishop Juan De Zumárraga to Mexican Culture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2015

Lewis Hanke
Lewis Hanke*
Affiliation:
Hispanic Foundation, Library of Congress
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Extract

The Commemoration of the four hundredth anniversary of the death of Juan de Zumárraga signifies more than the pious recollection of the contributions to New World culture of this great Franciscan, great Spaniard and great American. For the study and contemplation of his works plunges us once again into the heat and conflict of the Spanish conquest of America, even though Columbus first landed over four hundred and fifty years ago. No one who attempts to study and to interpret this extraordinary event can ignore the life of Zumárraga, nor can he fail to confront the pressing problem which this energetic and able bishop confronted and attempted to solve—how could the Indians be saved?

Type
Research Article
Information
The Americas , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , 1949 , pp. 275 - 282
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1949

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References

1 The writer has presented this viewpoint in a volume entitled The Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquest of America (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949).Google Scholar

2 No attempt has been made to present here the essential facts of Zumárraga’s life which are admirably covered by Icazbalceta’s, Joaquin Garcia Biografía de d. fr. Juan de Zumárraga, primer obispo y arzobispo de Méjico (Madrid, M. Aguilar, 1929).Google Scholar

3 Casas, Bartolomé de las, Colección de tratados, 1552–1SS3 (Buenos Aires, 1924), 7–8.Google Scholar

4 This estimate has been compiled from Oviedo’s remarks in his Historia general y natural de las Indias (Sevilla, 1535)Google Scholar, Primera parte, Lib. 2, cap. 6; Lib. 4, cap. 2; Lib. 5, Prohemio, caps. 2–3; Lib. 6, cap. 9.

5 The manuscript is in the Convento de San Felipe in Sucre, Bolivia.

6 Mendieta, Jerónimo de, Historia eclesiástica indiana (México, 1870), 631–632 Google Scholar. Edited by Joaquín García Icazbalceta.

7 Peace by Revolution (New York, 1933), 36–37.Google ScholarPubMed

8 Ricard’s volume appeared in Paris in 1933. The remarks referred to are found on pp. 270–271, 280–281, 344. See also pp. 340–341.

9 The report of the sermon is given by Bartolomé de las Casas in his Historia de las Indias in Colección de documentos inéditos para la historia de España, LXII-LXVI (Madrid, 1875)Google Scholar, Lib. 3, cap. 4.

10 Casas, Las, Apologética historia de las Indias (Madrid, 1909), 128 Google Scholar. Edited by Manuel Serrano y Sanz.