Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T12:19:21.807Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Quinacrine Mustard and Nucleolar Organizer Region Heteromorphisms in Twins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

C.C. Morton ,
L.A. Corey ,
W.E. Nance  and
J.A. Brown
C.C. Morton
Affiliation:
Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond
L.A. Corey
Affiliation:
Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond
W.E. Nance
Affiliation:
Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond
J.A. Brown*
Affiliation:
Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond
*
Department of Human Genetics, MCV Station, Box 33, Richmond, VA 23298, USA

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Patterns of NOR activity in 640 metaphase spreads from twelve monozygotic (MZ) and eight dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were studied to evaluate the heritability of this chromosomal heteromorphism. NORs were stained by a modification of the Ag-AS technique and counterstained with quinacrine mustard dihydrochloride to facilitate chromosome identification and assess their value in zygosity determination. In this study, all karyotypes were read blind with respect to zygosity and pair membership.

A discriminant function analysis of pair score differences in MZ and DZ twins revealed that, in our sample, the probability of accurately determining zygosity with NOR scores was 0.93 and with QFQ scores was 0.99. We conclude that NOR and QFQ scores are highly heritable and of great value in zygosity determination.

Data were collected from 687 metaphase spreads on the frequency with which an acrocentric chromosome was found in a satellite association. A significant correlation was found between this frequency and the degree of Ag-AS stain of the NOR. This study, therefore, confirms previous results showing that a high degree of NOR activity is found in those chromosomes most often involved in satellite associations.

Keywords

Nucleolar organizer regions (NOR)Chromosome heteromorphismQ-bandingSatellite associationZygosity analyses
Type
Research Article
Information
Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , January 1981 , pp. 39 - 49
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1981

References

REFERENCES

1.Bloom, SE, Goodpasture, C (1976): An improved technique for selective silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions in human chromosomes. Hum Genet 34:199–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Cotterman, CW (1947): A weighting system for the estimation of gene frequencies from family records. Contrib Lab Vert Biol, University of Michigan, 33:1–21.Google Scholar
3.Croce, CM, Talavera, A, Basilico, C, Miller, OJ (1977): Suppression of the production of mouse 28S ribosomal RNA in mouse-human hybrids segregating mouse chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:694–697.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.de Capoa, A, Ferraro, M, Menendez, F, Mostacci, C, Pelliccia, F, Rocchi, A (1978): Ag staining of the nucleolus organizer (NO) and its relationship to satellite association. Hum Genet 44:71–77.Google Scholar
5.Evans, HJ, Buckland, RA, Pardue, ML (1974): Location of the genes coding for 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA in the human genome. Chromosoma (Berl) 48:405–426.Google Scholar
6.Hansson, A (1979): Satellite association in human metaphases. A comparative study of normal individuals, patients with Down syndrome and their parents. Hereditas 90:59–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Hayata, I, Oshimura, M, Sandberg, AA (1977): N-band polymorphism of human acrocentric chromosomes and its relevance to satellite association. Hum Genet 36:55–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Hecht, F, Kimberling, WJ (1971): Patterns of D chromosome involvement in human (DqDq) and (DqGq) Robertsonian rearrangements. Am J Hum Genet 23:361–367.Google Scholar
9.Kohno, S, Abe, S, Matsui, S, Sandberg, AA (1979): Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia, XXXVII. Nucleolus organizers on the Ph' chromosome in chronic myelocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1:15–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Lubs, HA, Patil, SA, Kimberling, WJ, Brown, J, Cohen, M, Gerald, P, Hecht, F, Myrianthopoulos, N, Summitt, RL (1976): Q and C banding polymorphisms in 7 and 8 year old children: Racial differences and clinical significance. In Hook, EB, Porter, IH (eds): “Population Cytogenetics.” New York: Academic Press, pp 133–159.Google Scholar
11.Markovic, VD, Worton, RG, Berg, JM (1978): Evidence for the inheritance of silver-stained nucleolus organizer regions. Hum Genet 41:181–187.Google Scholar
12.McCracken, AA, Daly, PA, Zolnick, MR, Clark, AM (1978): Twins and Q-banded chromosome polymorphisms. Hum Genet 45:253–258.Google Scholar
13.Mikelsaar, A-V, Schmid, M, Krone, W, Schwarzacher, HG, Schnedl, W (1977): Frequency of Agstained nucleolus organizer regions in the acrocentric chromosomes of man. Hum Genet 37:73–77.Google Scholar
14.Miller, DA, Dev, VG, Tantravahi, R, Miller, OJ (1976): Suppression of human nucleolus organizer activity in mouse-human somatic hybrid cells. Exp Cell Res 101:235–243.Google Scholar
15.Miller, DA, Tantravahi, R, Dev, VG, Miller, OJ (1977): Frequency of satellite association of human chromosomes is correlated with amount of Ag-staining of the nucleolus organizer region. J Hum Genet 29:490–502.Google ScholarPubMed
16.Miller, OJ, Miller, DA, Tantravahi, R, Dev, VG (1978): Nucleolus organizer activity and the origin of Robertsonian translocations. Cytogenet Cell Genet 20:40–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Moorehead, PS, Nowell, PC, Mellman, WJ, Battips, DM, Hungerford, DA (1960): Chromosome preparation of leukocytes cultured from human peripheral blood. Exp Cell Res 20:613–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Muller, H, Klinger, HP (1975): Chromosome polymorphism in a human newborn population. In Pearson, PL, Lewis, KR (eds): “Chromosomes Today.” Vol 5. Jerusalem: John Wiley, pp 249–260.Google Scholar
19.Muller, H, Klinger, HP, Glasser, M (1975): Chromosome polymorphism in a human newborn population. II. Potentials of polymorphic chromosome variants for characterizing the idiogram of an individual. Cytogenet Cell Genet 15:239–255.Google Scholar
20.Ohno, S, Ttujillo, JM, Kaplan, WD, Kinosita, R (1961): Nucleolus-oiganizers in the causation of chromosomal anomalies in man. Lancet 2:123–126.Google Scholar
21.Schmid, M, Krone, W (1974): On the relationship between the frequency of association and the nucleolar constriction of individual acrocentric chromosomes. Humangenetik 23:267–277.Google Scholar
22.Sigmund, J, Schwarzacher, HG, Mikelsaar, A-V (1979): Satellite association frequency and number of nucleoli depend on cell cycle duration and NOR-activity. Hum Genet 50:81–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Van Dyke, DL, Palmer, CG, Nance, WE, Yu, P-L (1977): Chromosome polymorphism and twin zygosity. Am J Hum Genet 29:431–447.Google Scholar
24.Walpole, RE, Myers, RH (1972): Testing the difference between two proportions. In “Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists.” New York: The Macmillan Company, pp 261–263.Google Scholar
25.Warburton, D, Atwood, KC, Henderson, AS (1976): Variation in the number of genes for rRNA among human acrocentric chromosomes: Correlation with frequency of satellite association. Cytogenet Cell Genet 17:221–230.Google Scholar