Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T10:54:57.371Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Responses of Blood Glucose and Serum Insulin to Peroral Glucose Load in Normoglycemic Twins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Y.A. Kesäniemi ,
M. Koskenvuo  and
T.A. Miettinen
Y.A. Kesäniemi*
Affiliation:
Second Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki
M. Koskenvuo
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health Science, University of Helsinki
T.A. Miettinen
Affiliation:
Second Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki
*
Second Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, SF-00290 Helsinki 29, Finland

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Fasting blood glucose and serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and the responses of blood glucose and serum IRI to peroral glucose challenge were investigated in middle-aged normoglycemic male twins of 17 monozygotic (MZ) and 18 dizygotic (DZ) pairs recruited from the Finnish Twin Cohort Study. Also, the role of obesity and diet in the regulation of glucose and insulin metabolism was estimated. The fasting and 2 hr postprandial (PP) glucose showed higher pairwise correlations in MZ (r =0.78 and 0.56) than DZ (r = 0.08 and −0.05) pairs whereas fasting and PP insulin levels and the areas under the PP glucose and insulin curves were weakly and similarly correlated in MZ and DZ twins. The pairwise correlations of the 1/2 hr and 1 hr, but not the fasting and 2 hr insulin/glucose ratios, were somewhat higher in MZ (R = 0.51 and 0.53) than DZ (r = = 0.28 and 0.30) pairs. In MZ twins, the intrapair differences in the body mass index were significantly correlated with those in the fasting and 2 hr PP glucose and insulin levels and those in the fasting and 1/2 hr insulin/glucose ratios (r from 0.47 to 0.76). Also, the intrapair differences in the dietary fat calories were correlated positively, but those in the calories derived from carbohydrates negatively, with the intrapair differences in several parameters of the glucose and insulin metabolism. These data suggest that the environmental contribution to the regulation of glucose and insulin metabolism in subjects within the normoglycemic range may be quite strong. Of the environmental factors studied, obesity and dietary fat consumption seem to have powerful regulatory roles, particularly in the response of insulin to the glucose load.

Keywords

Glucose toleranceInsulin sensitivityDiabetes mellitusObesityDietTwins
Type
Research Article
Information
Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , July 1984 , pp. 467 - 473
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1984

References

REFERENCES

1.American Diabetes Association (1979): Principles of nutrition and dietary recommendations for individuals with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 28:1027–1030.Google Scholar
2.Anderson, JW (1977): Effect of carbohydrate restriction and high carbohydrate diets in men with chemical diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 30:402–408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Barnett, AH, Eff, C, Leslie, RDG, Pyke, DA (1981): Diabetes in identical twins. A study of 200 pairs. Diabetologia 20:87–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Barnett, AH, Leslie, RDG, Pyke, DA (1982): Twin studies in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. In Köbberling, J, Tattersall, R (eds): The Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus. London: Academic Press, p 225–232.Google Scholar
5.Brunzell, JD, Lemer, RL, Hazzard, WR, Porte, D Jr, Bierman, EL (1971): Improved glucose tolerance with high carbohydrate feeding in mild diabetes. N Engl J Med 284: 521–524.Google Scholar
6.Burke, BS (1947): The dietary history as a tool in research. J Am Diet Ass 23:1041–1047.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Ducimeteiiere, P, Eschwege, L, Papoz, JL, Claude, RJR, Rosselin, G (1980): Relationship of plasma insulin levels to the incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease mortality in a middle-aged population. Diabetologia 19:205–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Epstein, EH (1979): Coronary heart disease epidemiology and nutrition. Atheroscler Rev 5:149–160.Google Scholar
9.Falconer, DS (1967): Introduction of Quantitative Genetics. New York: Ronald Press.Google Scholar
10.Gottlieb, MS, Root, HF (1968): Diabetes mellitus in twins. Diabetes 17:693–704.Google Scholar
11.Harvald, B, Hauge, M (1963): Selection in diabetes in modern society. Acta Med Scand 173:459–465.Google Scholar
12.Huttunen, JK, Aro, A, Pelkonen, R, Puomio, M, Siltanen, I, Åkerblom, HK (1982): Dietary therapy in diabetes mellitus. Acta Med Scand 211:469–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Keen, H, Jarrett, RJ (1979): The WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes. 2. Macrovascular disease prevalence. Diabetes Care 2:187–195.Google Scholar
14.Kiehm, TG, Anderson, JW, Ward, K (1976): Beneficial effects of a high carbohydrate, high fiber diet on hyperglycemic diabetic men. Am J Clin Nutr 29:895–899.Google Scholar
15.Mann, JI (1980): Diet and diabetes. Diabetologia 18:89–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Nikkilä, EA, Miettinen, TA, Vesenne, MR, Pelkonen, R (1965): Plasma insulin in coronary heart disease. Lancet 2:508–511.Google Scholar
17.O'Sullivan, JB, Mahan, CM (1965): Blood sugar levels, glycosuria, and body weight related to development of diabetes mellitus. J Am Med Assoc 194:587–592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Pollin, W, Allen, MG, Hoffer, A, Stabenau, JR, Hrubec, Z (1969): Psychopathology in 15909 pairs of veteran twins: evidence for a genetic factor in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and its relative absence in psychoneurosis. Am J Psychiatry 126.597–610.Google Scholar
19.Pyke, DA (1979): Diabetes: the genetic connections. Diabetologia 17:333–343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Pyke, DA, Nelson, PG (1976): Diabetes mellitus in identical twins. In Creutzfeldt, W, Köbberling, J, Neel, JV (eds): The Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer, p 194–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Pyörälä, K (1979): Relationship of glucose tolerance and plasma insulin to the incidence of coronary heart disease: results from two population studies in Finland. Diabetes Care 2:131–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Pyörälä, K, Lehtovirta, E, Ilomäki, L (1974): The relationship of obesity to the prevalence and incidence of diabetes in Helsinki policemen. Acta Endocrinol 5181:23–24.Google Scholar
23.Sarna, S, Kaprio, J, Sistonen, P, Koskenvuo, M (1978): Diagnosis of twin zygosity by mailed questionnaire. Hum Hered 28:241–254.Google Scholar
24.Sorge, F, Schwartzkopff, W, Neuhaus, GA (1976): Insulin response to oral glucose in patients with a previous myocardial infarction and in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Diabetes 25:586–594.Google Scholar
25.Stout, RW, Bierman, EL, Brunzell, JD (1975): Atherosclerosis and disorders of lipid metabolism in diabetes. In Vallance-Owen, J (ed): Diabetes: Its Physiological and Biochemical Basis. Lancaster: MTP Press, p 125–169.Google Scholar
26.Tattersall, RB, Pyke, DA (1972): Diabetes in identical twins. Lancet II:1120–1125.Google Scholar
27.Then Berg, H (1938): Die Erbbiologie des Diabetes mellitus. Arch Rass Ges Biol 32:289.Google Scholar
28.Weinsier, RL, Seeman, A, Herrera, G, Assai, JP, Soelder, JS, Gleason, RE (1974): High- and low-carbohydrate diets in diabetes mellitus: Study of effects on diabetic control, insulin sensitivity, and blood lipids. Ann Intern Med 80:332–341.Google Scholar
29.Welborn, TA, Wearne, K (1979): Coronary heart disease incidence and cardiovascular mortality in Busselton with reference to glucose and insulin concentrations. Diabetes Care 2:154–160.Google Scholar
30.West, KM (1978): “Epidemiology of Diabetes and Its Vascular Lesions”. New York: Elsevier/North-Holland Inc.Google Scholar
31.Westlund, K, Nicholayson, R (1972): Ten-year mortality and morbidity related to serum cholesterol. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 30: Suppl 127:3–24.Google Scholar