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Responses of Blood Glucose and Serum Insulin to Peroral Glucose Load in Normoglycemic Twins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Y.A. Kesäniemi ,
M. Koskenvuo  and
T.A. Miettinen
Y.A. Kesäniemi*
Affiliation:
Second Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki
M. Koskenvuo
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health Science, University of Helsinki
T.A. Miettinen
Affiliation:
Second Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki
*
Second Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, SF-00290 Helsinki 29, Finland

Abstract

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Fasting blood glucose and serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and the responses of blood glucose and serum IRI to peroral glucose challenge were investigated in middle-aged normoglycemic male twins of 17 monozygotic (MZ) and 18 dizygotic (DZ) pairs recruited from the Finnish Twin Cohort Study. Also, the role of obesity and diet in the regulation of glucose and insulin metabolism was estimated. The fasting and 2 hr postprandial (PP) glucose showed higher pairwise correlations in MZ (r =0.78 and 0.56) than DZ (r = 0.08 and −0.05) pairs whereas fasting and PP insulin levels and the areas under the PP glucose and insulin curves were weakly and similarly correlated in MZ and DZ twins. The pairwise correlations of the 1/2 hr and 1 hr, but not the fasting and 2 hr insulin/glucose ratios, were somewhat higher in MZ (R = 0.51 and 0.53) than DZ (r = = 0.28 and 0.30) pairs. In MZ twins, the intrapair differences in the body mass index were significantly correlated with those in the fasting and 2 hr PP glucose and insulin levels and those in the fasting and 1/2 hr insulin/glucose ratios (r from 0.47 to 0.76). Also, the intrapair differences in the dietary fat calories were correlated positively, but those in the calories derived from carbohydrates negatively, with the intrapair differences in several parameters of the glucose and insulin metabolism. These data suggest that the environmental contribution to the regulation of glucose and insulin metabolism in subjects within the normoglycemic range may be quite strong. Of the environmental factors studied, obesity and dietary fat consumption seem to have powerful regulatory roles, particularly in the response of insulin to the glucose load.

Keywords

Glucose toleranceInsulin sensitivityDiabetes mellitusObesityDietTwins
Type
Research Article
Information
Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , July 1984 , pp. 467 - 473
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1984

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