Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:43:54.766Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Between Phrygia and Cilicia: the Porsuk area at the beginning of the Iron Age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Anne-Sophie Crespin
Anne-Sophie Crespin
Affiliation:
University of Lyon
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Porsuk is strategically situated in the northern foothills of the Taurus mountains (see map, fig 1), controlling one of the most important passes between Cilicia and the Anatolian plateau. It seems that this area, which was in the sphere of Hittite culture during the Late Bronze Age, turns towards the southern regions of Cilicia during Porsuk period IV. We shall firstly re-examine the evidence for the Early Iron Age at Porsuk in the light of recent discoveries from a number of other sites. We will then examine evidence that might demonstrate relations between Porsuk IV and Cilicia.

During subsequent centuries the situation seems to revert to that pertaining in the LBA: relations with the plateau tend to become more intense. From this point of view, we shall have a look at the Phrygian problem. Does this zone become a Phrygian protectorate with the rise of the Gordion state? Or are the exchanges between them only commercial or diplomatic? We shall try to give a preliminary shape to a possible answer by investigating the so-called ‘Phrygian’ evidence.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 49 , December 1999 , pp. 61 - 72
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akkaya, M 1987: ‘Kaynarca tümülüsü Frig çagı bronz eserli-Vases de bronze du tumulus de Kaynarca’ Eski Eserler ve Müzeler Bülteni 11: 31–6Google Scholar
Akurgal, E 1955: Phrygische Kunst. AnkaraGoogle Scholar
Baker, H D, Collon, D, Hawkins, J D, Pollard, T, Postgate, J N, Symington, D, Thomas, D 1995: ‘Kilise Tepe 1994’ Anatolian Studies 45: 139–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, R D 1967: ‘Phrygia and the people of Anatolia in the Iron Age’ in Cambridge Ancient History II/2. Cambridge: 417–442Google Scholar
Bittel, K 1976: Les Hittites. ParisGoogle Scholar
Boehmer, R M 1973: ‘Phrygische Prunkgewänder des 8. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Herkunft und Export’ Archäologischer Anzeiger II: 149–172Google Scholar
Boehmer, R M 1983: ‘Ein tabalische XII 9 a-Fibel aus Assur’ in Boehmer, R M, Hauptmann, H (eds), Beiträge zur Altertumskunde Kleinasiens. Festschrift für Kurt Bittel. Mainz am Rhein: 75–83Google Scholar
Brixhe, C 1991: ‘Les inscriptions paléo-phrygiennes de Tyane: leur intérêt linguistique et historique’ in Le Guen-Pollet, B, Pelon, O (eds), La Cappadoce méridionale jusqu'à la fin de l'époque romaine. État des recherches. Paris: 37–46Google Scholar
Brixhe, C, Lejeune, M 1984: Corpus des Inscriptions Paléo-Phrygiennes. ParisGoogle Scholar
Dupré, S 1983: Porsuk I. La Céramique de l'Age du bronze et de l' Age du fer. ParisGoogle Scholar
Gates, M-H 1994: ‘Kinet Höyük’ American Journal of Archaeology 98: 261–62Google Scholar
Goldman, H, Hanfmann, G M A, Porada, E 1963: Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus. The Iron Age. PrincetonGoogle Scholar
Fischer-Bossert, E-M in preparation: Die Phrygische Keramik von BoǧazköyGoogle Scholar
French, D H 1965: ‘Prehistoric sites in the Göksu valley’ Anatolian Studies 15: 177–201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haspels, C H E 1951: Phrygie, Exploration Archéologique. Tome III. La Cités de Midas, Céramique et Trouvailles Diverses. ParisGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, J D 1969: ‘A Hieroglyphic Hittite inscription from Porsuk’ Anatolian Studies 19: 99–109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, J D 1994: ‘The end of the Bronze Age in Anatolia: new light from recent discoveries’ in Çilingiroǧlu, A, French, D H (eds), Anatolian Iron Ages 3 (British Institute of Archaeology of Ankara Monograph 16). Ankara: 91–4Google Scholar
Heubeck, A 1986: ‘Bemerkungen zur altphrygischen Inschrift T-03’ Kadmos 25: 75–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuniholm, P I 1996: ‘Long tree-ring chronologies for the eastern Mediterranean’ in Demirci, Ş, Özer, A M, Summers, G D (eds), Archaeometry 94. The Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Archaeometry. Ankara: 401–409Google Scholar
Kuniholm, P I, Tarter, S L, Newton, M W, Griggs, C B 1992: ‘Preliminary report on dendrochronological investigations at Porsuk/Ulukisla, Turkey 1987–1989’ Syria 69: 379–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luckenbill, D D 1926: Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia. Volume I Historical Records of Assyria. Chicago.Google Scholar
Mellaart, J 1955: ‘Iron Age pottery from southern Anatolia’ Belleten 19 (74): 115–36Google Scholar
Mellink, M J 1979: ‘Midas in Tyana’ in Florilegium Anatolicum. Mélanges offerts à Emmanuel Laroche. Paris: 249–57Google Scholar
Mellink, M J 1993: ‘Phrygian traits at Boǧazköy and questions of Phrygian writing’ Istanbuler Mitteilungen 43: 293–8Google Scholar
Musceralla, O W 1967: ‘Fibulae represented on sculpture’ Journal of Near Eastern Studies 26: 82–6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musceralla, O W 1995: ‘The Iron Age background to the formation of the Phrygian state’ Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 299/300: 91–101CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Özgüç, T 1971: Kültepe and its Vicinity in the Iron Age. AnkaraGoogle Scholar
Pelon, O 1970: ‘Rapport préliminaire sur la premiére campagne de fouilles à Porsuk-Ulukisla (Turquie)’ Syria 47: 279–86CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pelon, O 1972: ‘Rapport préliminaire sur la deuxiéme et la troisiéme campagne de fouilles à Porsuk-Ulukisla (Turquie) en 1970 et 1971’ Syria 49: 301–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pelon, O 1983: ‘La fouille de Porsuk-Ulukisla’ in Travaux et Recherches en Turquie, 1982. Collection Turcica II. Paris: 75–8Google Scholar
Pelon, O 1989: ‘La fouille de Porsuk-Ulukisla’ in Bacque-Grammont, J-L (ed), Anatolie Antique. Fouilles françaises en Turquie. Paris-Istanbul: 14–9Google Scholar
Pelon, O 1991: ‘Occupation hittite et début de l'age du fer à Porsuk’ in Le Guen-Pollet, B, Pelon, O (eds), La Cappadoce méridionale jusqu' à la fin de l'époque romaine. État des recherches. Paris: 15–8Google Scholar
Pelon, O 1994: ‘The site of Porsuk and the beginning of the Iron Age in southern Cappadocia’ in Çilingiroǧlu, A, French, D H (eds), Anatolian Iron Ages 3 (British Institute of Archaeology of Ankara Monograph 16). Ankara: 157–62Google Scholar
Postgate, J N 1973: ‘Assyrian texts and fragments’ Iraq 35: 13–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sams, G K 1994: The Early Phrygian Pottery (The Gordion Excavations, 1950–1973: Final Reports IV). PhiladelphiaGoogle Scholar
Schaus, G P 1992: ‘Imported west-Anatolian pottery at Gordion’ Anatolian Studies 42: 151–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seeher, J 1997: ‘Die Ausgrabungen in Boǧazköy-Hattusa 1996’ Archäologischer Anzeiger Heft 3: 317–341Google Scholar
Slane, D A 1987: Middle and Late Bronze Age Architecture and Pottery in Gözlü Kule: a New Analysis (Bryn Mawr College PhD: UMI 87 18351)Google Scholar
Summers, G D 1992: ‘An aerial survey of Çevre Kale, Yaraşlı’ Anatolian Studies 42: 179–206Google Scholar
Summers, G D 1994: ‘Grey ware and the eastern limits of Phrygia’ in Çilingiroǧlu, A, French, D H (eds), Anatolian Iron Ages 3 (British Institute of Archaeology of Ankara Monograph 16). Ankara: 241–52Google Scholar
Thureau-Dangin, F 1912 (1972 réedition): Une Relation de la 8° Campagne de Sargon (714 avant J.C.). ParisGoogle Scholar
Varinlioǧlu, E 1991: ‘Deciphering a Phrygian inscription from Tyana’ in Le Guen-Pollet, B, Pelon, O (eds), La Cappadoce méridionale jusqu' à la fin de l'époque romaine. État des recherches. ParisGoogle Scholar
von der Osten, H H, Schmidt, E F 1930: The Alishar Höyük Season of 1927. Part I. ChicagoGoogle Scholar
Young, R S 1981: Three Great Early Tumuli. PhiladelphiaGoogle Scholar