The Vikings in England: a review

Gillian Fellows Jensen

doi:10.1017/S0263675100002787

The Vikings in England: a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 September 2008

Gillian Fellows Jensen

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Gillian Fellows Jensen: Affiliation:
Copenhagen, Denmark

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In the preface to F. M. Stenton's collected papers Lady Stenton notes that the publication of Anglo-Saxon England in 1943 marked the culmination of a life-time spent largely preparing for and writing a book in which ‘place-names, coins and charters, wills and pleas, archaeology and the laws of the Anglo-Saxons were all for the first time adequately used to produce a balanced narrative, supported by Domesday Book and the twelfth-century charters which made it easier to understand the earlier material’. Indeed, with the exception of archaeology, Sir Frank had been actively engaged in all these fields of research, as is revealed by the list of his published works, and it seemed unlikely at the time that it would ever be necessary to make major adjustments to the view of the Scandinavian settlements that he presented. Only twelve years had passed, however, when voices of dissent began to arise and the first of three papers that were to herald two decades of controversy about the Vikings in England was published. The present review examines the most significant contributions to the ensuing debate and considers whether it has, in fact, been necessary to depart substantially from the views held by Stenton.

Type: Research Article
Information: Anglo-Saxon England , Volume 4 , December 1975 , pp. 181 - 206

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675100002787 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1975

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^{page 193 note 3} ‘The Names of the Lincolnshire Tenants of the Bishop of Lincoln c. 1225’, Otium et Negotium, ed. Sandgren, , pp. 86–95.Google Scholar

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^{page 193 note 5} ‘Vikings' Relationship’, pp. 40–1, and ‘Archaeological Evidence’, p. 303.

^{page 193 note 6} Fellows, Jensen, Scandinavian Personal Names, pp. lxiii–lxiv.Google Scholar

^{page 193 note 7} Ibid. p. xxvi.

^{page 194 note 1} ‘Norse Place-Names in South-West Scotland’, Scottish Stud. 4 (1960), 49–70.Google Scholar

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^{page 195 note 1} ‘The Vikings and the Western World’, Proc. of the International Congress of Celtic Stud. (Dublin, 1962), pp. 13–42, esp. 29–31Google Scholar, building on Wainwright, F. T., ‘The Scandinavians in Lancashire’, Trans. of the Lancashire and Cheshire Ant. Soc. 58 (1945–1946), 71–116.Google Scholar

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^{page 198 note 1} The Place-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Eng. Place-Name Soc. 30–7 (Cambridge, 1961–1963) esp. 36, 44–66.Google Scholar

^{page 198 note 2} ‘Scandinavian Elements in the Dialect and Place-Names of Dent in the West Riding of Yorkshire’, Trans. of the Yorkshire Dialect Soc. 10 (1958), 26–35Google Scholar, and The Dialect of Dentdale in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Studia Anglistica Upsaliensia 5 (Uppsala, 1967).Google Scholar

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^{page 199 note 1} Ibid. pp. 218–20, and Wilson, ‘Archaeological Evidence’, p. 292, quoting Collingwood, W. G., Yorkshire Archaeol. Jnl 23 (1915), 297.Google Scholar

^{page 199 note 2} ‘Early Territorial Organization in Northern England and its Bearing on the Scandinavian Settlement’, The Fourth Viking Congress, ed. Alan, Small (Edinburgh, 1965), pp. 67–84.Google Scholar

^{page 199 note 3} ‘Place-Names’, Durham County and City with Teesside (Durham, 1970), pp. 251–65, esp. 257–61.Google Scholar

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^{page 200 note 1} Archaeology and Place-Names and History, pp. 78–81.

^{page 200 note 2} Sawyer, The Age of the Vikings, 1st ed., p. 162, and Fellows Jensen, Scandinavian Personal Names, p. xxxiii, n. 5.

^{page 200 note 3} ‘A Reply to Peter Sawyer on “The Two Viking Ages of Britain”’, Med. Scandinavia 2 (1969), 185–7Google Scholar, and Personnavne i Danmark, Oldtiden (Copenhagen, 1971), pp. 50 and 115.Google Scholar

^{page 200 note 4} Archaeology and Place-Names and History, pp. 76–7.

^{page 200 note 5} ‘Secondary Migration’, p. 199.

^{page 200 note 6} ‘The Two Viking Ages’, pp. 171–2.

^{page 201 note 1} ‘Linguistic and Place-Name Evidence’, Med. Scandinavia 2 (1969), 176–9.Google Scholar

^{page 201 note 2} The Northamptonshire Landscape (London, 1974), pp. 89–91.Google Scholar

^{page 201 note 3} ‘Baldersby’, pp. 86–7.

^{page 201 note 4} Scandinavian Settlement Names, pp. 237–45.

^{page 201 note 5} Pp. 163 and 174.

^{page 201 note 6} ‘Baldersby’, pp. 92 and 90.

^{page 201 note 7} ‘The Attitude of the Vikings to English Place-Names in Yorkshire’, Årsberetning for Selskab for nordisk Filologi 1971–73 (Copenhagen, 1975), 5–12.Google Scholar

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^{page 202 note 5} Nordisch-englische Lehnbeziebungen der Wikingerzeit, Bibliotheca Arnamagnæana 14 (Copenhagen, 1955). §409.Google Scholar

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^{page 203 note 1} Fellows Jensen, ‘The Attitude of the Vikings’, pp. 9–10.

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^{page 203 note 6} English Dialects: an Introduction (London, 1972), esp. ‘The Scandinavian Element’, pp. 130–8.Google Scholar

^{page 204 note 1} The Viking Century in East Yorkshire, East Yorkshire Local Hist. Ser. 15 (1965), 24.

^{page 204 note 2} ‘The Dealings of the Kings of England with Northumbria in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries’, The Anglo-Saxons, ed. Clemoes, , pp. 70–88.Google Scholar

^{page 204 note 3} Wilson, ‘Vikings' Relationship’, pp. 37–8, and ‘Archaeological Evidence’, p. 302.

^{page 204 note 4} ‘The Vikings and the Western World’, p. 42.

^{page 204 note 5} Noted by Wilson, ‘Vikings' Relationship’, pp. 45–6.

^{page 204 note 6} ‘Evidence for Contacts between the Churches of the Irish and English from the Synod of Whitby to the Viking Age’, England before the Conquest, ed. Clemoes, and Hughes, , pp. 49–67, esp. 65–7.Google Scholar

^{page 204 note 7} Wilson, ‘Vikings' Relationship’, p. 46.

^{page 205 note 1} Wilson, David M., ‘Manx Memorial Stones of the Viking Period’, SBVS 18 (1970–1971), 1–18.Google Scholar

^{page 205 note 2} Dodgson, ‘Place-Names and Street-Names’, p. 52.

^{page 205 note 3} Cramp, Anglian and Viking York, p. 21, and Okasha, E., Hand-List of Anglo-Saxon Non-Runic Inscriptions (Cambridge, 1971), p. 131.Google Scholar

^{page 205 note 4} Okasha, Hand-List, pp. 87–8.

^{page 205 note 5} Gwyn, Jones, A History of the Vikings (London, 1968), pp. 126 and 424.Google Scholar

^{page 205 note 6} ‘Die alte Gesellschaft und die neue Kirche’, Acta Visbyensia 3 (1967), 43–54.Google Scholar

^{page 205 note 7} Det danske Sprogs Historie 1 (Copenhagen, 1944), 168–73.Google Scholar

^{page 206 note 1} For advice, assistance and encouragement in the preparation of this review I am indebted to Michael Dolley, Jørgen Steen Jensen, R. I. Page, Else Roesdahl, P. H. Sawyer and J. A. B. Townsend.

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