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Multivariate characterization of morphological traits in local Tunisian oases goats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2014

M. Nafti ,
Z. Khaldi  and
B. Haddad
M. Nafti*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production and Fishery Sciences, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia
Z. Khaldi
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production, Centre Régional de Recherche en Agriculture Oasienne, Tozeur, Tunisia
B. Haddad
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production and Fishery Sciences, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia
*
Correspondence to: M. Nafti, Department of Animal Production and Fishery Sciences, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia. email: mounir_nafti@yahoo.fr
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Summary

This paper describes some of the morphological characteristics of the Tunisian native goat. Data were collected on 1 247 goats from 202 holdings in two oases areas (Jerid and Nefzawa). These included body length, heart girth, height at withers, ear length, horn and hairs length, as well as qualitative characters such as colour, and the presence or absence of horns, wattles and beard, ears type and curling, horns form, hair type and the facial profile. Quantitative variables were then submitted to a principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce data dimensionality and enable discrimination of groups by individuals and populations. The multiple correspondence analysis was used with qualitative variables to allow further distinction within subpopulations. A discriminant canonical analysis was also conducted discrimination between subpopulations. Wither height, heart girth and ear length were the most determinant traits in differentiating between subpopulations with the PCA. The parameters that best segregate the subpopulations in the multiple correspondences analysis are the hair length and the subpopulation. Therefore, multivariate analyses were useful in the morphological characterization of the native goat from Tunisian oases. Canonical analyses showed that hair length, ear length and wither height are the best linear measurements for discrimination between goat subpopulations. The largest Mahalanobis distance was between Arbi Jerid and Serti Nefzawa goats, whereas the closest distance was between Serti Jerid and Serti Nefzawa subpopulations.

Résumé

Notre étude portait sur la caractérisation phénotypique des caprins locaux (quatre sous-populations; Arbi Jerid, Arbi Nefzawa, serti Jerid et Serti Nefzawa) dans les régions oasiennes de la Tunisie. Un échantillon de 1 247 animaux ont été analysés pour 14 caractères morphologiques; six caractères quantitatifs (hauteur au garrot, périmètre thoracique, longueur du corps, longueur des poils, longueur des cornes et longueur des oreilles) et huit caractères qualitatifs (le type et la couleur du pelage, la présence de la barbe et la présence des pampilles, la forme et la taille des cornes, la forme des oreilles, type de chanfrein). Aussi des méthodes d'analyse de données multivariées (analyse en composantes principales analyse factorielle de correspondances multiples et analyse discriminante canonique) ont été utilisées pour analyser les variables étudiées à fin de pouvoir distinguer entre les groupes génétiques ainsi qu'entre les zones d'élevage. Les chèvres Arbi Jerid possédaient les valeurs de longueur du corps les plus grandes tandis que les chèvres Arbi Nefzawa avaient les valeurs les plus importantes pour toutes les autres mesures. D'après les analyses multivariées, ces sous-populations ont été divisées en deux grands groupes génétiques. La hauteur au garrot, le périmètre thoracique et de la longueur des oreilles étaient les caractéristiques les plus déterminantes pour différencier entre les sous-populations avec l'analyse en composantes principales. Les paramètres qui correspondaient le mieux pour différencier les sous-populations de l'analyse des correspondances multiples sont la longueur des poils et les sous groupes génétiques. L'analyse canonique a montré que la longueur des poils, la longueur des oreilles et la hauteur au garrot sont les meilleures mesures linéaires permettant la discrimination entre les quatre sous-populations étudiées. La plus grande distance de Mahalanobis était entre les chèvres Arbi Jerid et Serti Nefzawa, tandis que la distance la plus proche se situait entre Serti Jerid et Serti Nefzawa.

Resumen

Este artículo describe algunos de los rasgos morfológicos de la cabra autóctona tunecina. Los datos fueron tomados sobre un total de 1 247 cabras de 202 propietarios en dos zonas de oasis (Jerid y Nefzawa). En concreto, se midió la longitud corporal, la circunferencia torácica, la altura a la cruz y la longitud de las orejas, los cuernos y el pelo. También se registraron caracteres cualitativos como el color, la presencia o ausencia de cuernos, mamellas y barba, la forma y curvatura de las orejas, la forma de los cuernos, el tipo de pelo y el perfil facial. Las variables cuantitativas fueron después sometidas a un análisis de componentes principales para reducir la dimensionalidad de los datos y permitir la diferenciación de grupos por individuos y poblaciones. Se empleó el Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiples con las variables cualitativas para facilitar una mayor distinción dentro de las subpoblaciones. Se llevó también a cabo un análisis canónico discriminante para diferenciar las subpoblaciones. La altura a la cruz, la circunferencia torácica y la longitud de las orejas resultaron ser los rasgos más determinantes en la diferenciación de las subpoblaciones mediante el análisis de componentes principales. Los parámetros que mejor segregaron las subpoblaciones en el análisis de correspondencias múltiples fueron la longitud del pelo y la subpoblación. Así, los análisis multivariantes resultaron útiles en la caracterización morfológica de la cabra autóctona de los oasis tunecinos. Los análisis canónicos mostraron que la longitud del pelo y de las orejas y la altura a la cruz eran las mejores medidas lineales para la diferenciación entre subpoblaciones de cabras. La mayor distancia de Mahalanobis se dio entre las cabras Arbi Jerid y Serti Nefzawa, mientras que la menor distancia se obtuvo entre las subpoblaciones Serti Jerid y Serti Nefzawa.

Keywords

Jerid and Nefzawamorphological characteristicsmultivariate analysesnative goatcaractérisation phénotypiquecaprinsanalyse multivariéeJérid et Nefzaouacaracterísticas morfológicascabra autóctonaanálisis multivariantesJerid y Nefzawa
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 55 , December 2014 , pp. 29 - 38
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2014 

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