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Caracterización genética de los pequeños rumiantes saharauis con microsatélites de ADN

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 June 2012

M. Gómez ,
B. Slut ,
A.M. Martínez ,
V. Landi ,
M. Ruiz  and
J.V. Delgado
M. Gómez
Affiliation:
Servicio de Ganaderí, Departamento de Agricultura, Diputación Foral de Bizkaia, Avda. Lehendakari Agirre 9-2°, 48014-Bilbao
B. Slut
Affiliation:
Escuela veterinaria en Gasuani, Rabuni
A.M. Martínez*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales. 14071-Córdoba.
V. Landi
Affiliation:
Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales. 14071-Córdoba.
M. Ruiz
Affiliation:
Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales. 14071-Córdoba.
J.V. Delgado
Affiliation:
Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales. 14071-Córdoba.
*
Correspondence to: A. Martínez, Departamento de Genética. Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071-Córdoba. email: ib2mamaa@uco.es
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Summary

In the 1970s a large proportion of the people of Western Sahara went into exile, settling as refugees in camps in Tindouf, Algeria. They took with them their traditional pastoralist way of life and their breeds of small ruminants, which formed the main part of their diet. Almost three decades later, these breeds, having endured the war and the exodus, are in danger of extinction, firstly because of their situation, and secondly because of scientific ignorance about them. In the present paper, we develop a genetic characterization of the Sidaun and Kerrian breeds of sheep and the Buzguender breed of goats in the Saharawi refugee camps. The results indicate that all the breeds studied still have a high level of genetic differentiation and are not showing signs of recent exotic gene migrations. This is encouraging, for it indicates that we are in time to conserve these genotypes of high ecological value for their capacity to survive in the desert.

Resumen

En los años setenta, gran parte del pueblo Saharaui tomó el camino del exilio estableciéndose como refugiados en los campos de Tindouf (Argelia). Con ellos se llevaron su medio de vida como pastores tradicionales, las razas de pequeños rumiantes que eran gran parte de su sustento. Casi tres décadas después, estas razas que han sufrido la guerra y el éxodo están en un serio peligro de extinción, en primer lugar por su situación y en segundo lugar por el desconocimiento científico sobre las mismas. En el presente trabajo, realizamos una caracterización genética de las razas ovinas Sidaun y Kerrian, así como de la raza caprina Buzguender, en los campos de refugiados Saharauis. Los resultados obtenidos indican que todas las razas mantienen un elevado nivel de diferenciación genética y no evidencian signos de migraciones de genes exóticos recientes. Esto es alentador ya que indica que aun hay tiempo de conservar estos recursos genéticos animales de elevado valor ecológico por su capacidad de supervivencia en el desierto.

Résumé

Au cours des années 1970, une grande partie des populations du Sahara occidental ont émigré en masse et se sont installées, en tant que réfugiés, dans les terres de Tindouf (Algérie). Les réfugiés avaient emporté leurs moyens d'existence en tant que pasteurs traditionnels, leurs petits ruminants qui représentaient une part importante de leur alimentation. Presque 30 ans après, ces races, qui ont subi la guerre et l'exode, sont menacées d'extinction, d'abord en raison de leur situation et aussi à cause de l'ignorance scientifique qui les concerne. Cet article présente la caractérisation génétique des races de moutons Sidaun et Kerrian et de chèvres Buzguender réalisée dans les terres des réfugiés du peuple Saharoui. Les résultats indiquent que toutes les races analysées maintiennent encore un niveau élevé de différenciation génétique et qu'elles ne présentent pas de signes de migrations récentes de gènes exotiques. Il s'agit d'un résultat très positif car il montre qu'il est encore possible de conserver ces génotypes qui possèdent une grande valeur écologique en raison de leurs capacités de survie dans le désert.

Keywords

Sahara occidentalmicrosatélitesdistancia genéticaconservaciónWestern Saharamicrosatellitesgenetic distanceconservationSahara occidentalmicrosatellitesdistance génétiqueconservation
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 50 , June 2012 , pp. 29 - 36
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2012

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