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Turkey conservation in the United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2011

D.P. Sponenberg
Affiliation:
Virginia - Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
R.O. Hawes
Affiliation:
8 Short Wharf Rd, Hampden, ME 04444, USA
P. Johnson
Affiliation:
2442 Mayfield Lane, Las Cruces, NM 88005, USA
C.J. Christman
Affiliation:
McMillan and Moss Research Inc, 6938 Lee Street, Mebane, NC 27302, USA
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Summary

The American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (ALBC) and the Society for the Preservation of Poultry Antiquities (SPPA) completed censuses of domesticated turkeys in 1997. The ALBC census targeted hatcheries and reported census figures for hens, while counting both hens and toms. Toms were about 10% of hen numbers. The ALBC census revealed that only eight seasonal hatcheries out of a total of 25 maintain breeding flocks, including 7 038 Bronze, 4 600 Large Whites, 664 Bourbon Reds, 381 Royal Palms, 62 Black, 60 Slate, 4 White Holland, and 3 Narragansett hens. The SPPA research included hatcheries and also private breeders, included both males and females, and also included anything the breeder deemed a variety. The census figures for the various varieties were: Bourbon Red 931, Royal Palm 717, Bronze 365, Black 211, White Midget 151, Slate 143, Narragansett 87, Buff 62, White Holland 38, Auburn 27, Lilac 24, Silver Auburn 19, Chocolate 12, Royal Nebraskan 8, Wisconsin 6, Spotted Nebraskan 3, 2 each of Dark Brown, Nebraska Royal, Nutmeg, and red, and 1 each of Chestnut, Fawn, and Lavendar. The results of these two approaches generated similar population rankings for these varieties. Both have concluded that the nonindustrial strains of turkeys have perilously low populations.

Resumen

El American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (ALBC) y la Society for the Preservation of Poultry Antiquities (SPPA) completaron el censo de los pavos domésticos en 1997. El censo del ALBC estaba centrado en las incubadoras y reportaba también las figuras de censo de hembras y un recuento de ambos, hembras y machos. El número de machos representaba aproximadamente el 10% de las hembras. El censo de ALBC mostró que sólo ocho incubadoras estacionales sobre un total de 25 mantienen grupos de razas, incluidas las siguientes hembras: 7 038 Bronze, 4 600 Large Whites, 664 Bourbon Reds, 381 Royal Palms, 62 Black, 60 Sltae, cuatro White Holland, y tres Narragansett. La investigación de SPPA incluyó las incubadoras y también a los privados, en ambos casos machos y hembras, y también consideraron cualquier línea que los ganaderos retuvieran como variedad. Las figuras de censo para las distintas variedades fueron las siguientes: Bourbon Red 931, Royal Palm 717, Bronze 365, Black 211, White Midget 151, Slate 143, Narragansett 87, Buff 62, White Holland 38, Auburn 27, Lilac 24, Silvr Auburn 19, Chocolate 12, Royal Nebraskan ocho, Wisconsin seis, Spotted Nebraskan tres, dos de cada para Dark Brown, Nebraska Royal, Nutmeg y Red y uno de cada para Chestnut, Fawn y Lavendar. Los resultados de estos dos estudios han dado lugar a una escala de población similar para estas variedades. Ambas encuestas concluyen que las razas no industriales de pavos poseen un número de población peligrosamente bajo.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2000

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References

Christman, C. J. & Hawes, R.O.. 1999. Birds of a Feather: Saving Rare Breeds from Extinction. American Livstock Breeds Conservancy, Pittsboro, North Carolina, USA, pp. 76.Google Scholar
Crawford, R. D. 1990. Poultry Breeding and Genetics Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp. 1123.Google Scholar