Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T07:02:29.919Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Behavior assessment and applications for BRD diagnosis: preweaned dairy calves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

Catie Cramer Open the ORCID record for Catie Cramer [Opens in a new window]  and
Theresa L. Ollivett
Catie Cramer*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80525, USA
Theresa L. Ollivett
Affiliation:
Food Animal Production Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI53706, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Catie Cramer, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA. E-mail: Catie.cramer@colostate.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important disease in dairy calves due to its long-lasting effects. Early identification results in better outcomes for the animal, but producers struggle to identify all calves with BRD. Sickness behavior, or the behavioral changes that accompany illness, has been investigated for its usefulness as a disease detection tool. Behavioral changes associated with BRD include decreased milk intake and drinking speed, depressed attitude, and less likelihood of approaching a novel object or stationary human. Behavioral measurements are useful, as they can be collected automatically or with little financial input. However, one limitation of many BRD behavioral studies includes the use of either lung auscultation or clinical signs as reference methods, which are imperfect. Additionally, external factors may influence the expression of sickness behavior, which can affect if and when behavior can be used to identify calves with BRD. Behavioral measures available to detect BRD lack adequate sensitivity and specificity to be the sole means of disease detection, especially when detection tools, such as calf lung ultrasound, have better test characteristics. However, using behavioral assessments in addition to other detection methods can allow for a robust BRD detection program that can ameliorate the consequences of BRD.

Keywords

Bovinelung ultrasoundpneumoniasickness behavior
Type
Special issue: Papers from Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 21 , Issue 2 , December 2020 , pp. 188 - 191
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, EA and Buczinski, S (2016) Short communication: ultrasonographic assessment of lung consolidation postweaning and survival to the first lactation in dairy heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 99, 1465–1470.10.3168/jds.2015-10260CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aubert, A (1999) Sickness behaviour in animals: a motivational perspective. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 23, 1029–1036.10.1016/S0149-7634(99)00034-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aubert, A, Goodall, G, Dantzer, R and Gheusi, G (1997) Differential effects of lipopolysaccharide on pup retrieving and nest building in lactating mice. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 11, 107–118.10.1006/brbi.1997.0485CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Avitsur, R, Pollak, Y and Yirmiya, R (1997) Different receptor mechanisms mediate the effects of endotoxin and interleukin-1 on female sexual behavior. Brain Research 773, 149–161.10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00927-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borderas, TF, de Passillé, AMB and Rushen, J (2009) Feeding behavior of calves fed small or large amounts of milk. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 2843–2852.10.3168/jds.2008-1886CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buczinski, S, Forté, G, Francoz, D and Bélanger, AM (2014) Comparison of thoracic auscultation, clinical score, and ultrasonography as indicators of bovine respiratory disease in preweaned dairy calves. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 28, 234–242.10.1111/jvim.12251CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buczinski, S, Ollivett, TL and Dendukuri, N (2015) Bayesian estimation of the accuracy of the calf respiratory scoring chart and ultrasonography for the diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 119, 227–231.10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.02.018CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buczinski, S, Faure, C, Jolivet, S and Abdallah, A (2016) Evaluation of inter-observer agreement when using a clinical respiratory scoring system in pre-weaned dairy calves. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 64, 243–247.10.1080/00480169.2016.1153439CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cramer, MC (2018) Determining differences in growth, behavior, and serotonin in dairy calves affected by respiratory disease as diagnosed by lung ultrasound and a clinical respiratory score. The University of Wisconsin-Madison.Google Scholar
Cramer, MC and Stanton, AL (2015) Associations between health status and the probability of approaching a novel object or stationary human in preweaned group-housed dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 7298–7308.10.3168/jds.2015-9534CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cramer, MC, Ollivett, TL and Stanton, AL (2016) Associations of behavior-based measurements and clinical disease in preweaned, group-housed dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 99, 7434–7443.10.3168/jds.2015-10207CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cramer, MC, Proudfoot, KL and Ollivett, TL (2019) Behavioral attitude scores associated with bovine respiratory disease identified using calf lung ultrasound and clinical respiratory scoring. Journal of Dairy Science 102, 6540–6544.10.3168/jds.2018-15550CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunn, TR, Ollivett, TL, Renaud, DL, Leslie, KE, LeBlanc, SJ, Duffield, TF and Kelton, DF (2018) The effect of lung consolidation, as determined by ultrasonography, on first-lactation milk production in Holstein dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 1010, 5404–5410.10.3168/jds.2017-13870CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorden, PJ and Plummer, P (2010) Control, management, and prevention of bovine respiratory disease in dairy calves and cows. Veterinary Clinics of North America-Food Animal Practice 26, 243–259.10.1016/j.cvfa.2010.03.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haba, R, Shintani, N, Onaka, Y, Wang, H, Takenaga, R, Hayata, A, Baba, A and Hashimoto, H (2012) Lipopolysaccharide affects exploratory behaviors toward novel objects by impairing cognition and/or motivation in mice: possible role of activation of the central amygdala. Behavioural Brain Research 228, 423–431.10.1016/j.bbr.2011.12.027CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hart, BL (1988) Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 12, 123–137.10.1016/S0149-7634(88)80004-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, RW (2002) The concept of sickness behavior: a brief chronological account of four key discoveries. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 87, 443–450.10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00069-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knauer, WA, Godden, SM, Dietrich, A and James, RE (2017) The association between daily average feeding behaviors and morbidity in automatically fed group-housed preweaned dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 100, 5642–5652.10.3168/jds.2016-12372CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lopes, PC, Adelman, J, Wingfield, JC and Bentley, GE (2012) Social context modulates sickness behavior. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 66, 1421–1428.10.1007/s00265-012-1397-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGuirk, SM (2008) Disease management of dairy calves and heifers. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 24, 139–153.Google ScholarPubMed
McGuirk, SM and Peek, SF (2014) Timely diagnosis of dairy calf respiratory disease using a standardized scoring system. Animal Health Research Reviews 15, 145–147.10.1017/S1466252314000267CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ollivett, TL and Buczinski, S (2016) On-farm use of ultrasonography for bovine respiratory disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 32, 19–35.Google ScholarPubMed
Owen-Ashley, NT and Wingfield, JC (2006) Seasonal modulation of sickness behavior in free-living northwestern song sparrows (Melospiza melodia morphna). Journal of Experimental Biology 209, 3062–3070.10.1242/jeb.02371CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sivula, NJ, Ames, TR, Marsh, WE and Werdin, RE (1996) Descriptive epidemiology of morbidity and mortality in Minnesota dairy heifer calves. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 27, 155–171.10.1016/0167-5877(95)01000-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svensson, C and Jensen, MB (2007) Short communication: identification of diseased calves by use of data from automatic milk feeders. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 994–997.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71584-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teixeira, AGV, McArt, JAA and Bicalho, RC (2017) Thoracic ultrasound assessment of lung consolidation at weaning in Holstein dairy heifers: reproductive performance and survival. Journal of Dairy Science 100, 2985–2991.10.3168/jds.2016-12016CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
USDA (2010) Heifer calf health and management practices on U.S. dairy operations, 2007. from USDA: APHIS: VS, CEAH. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/dairy/downloads/dairy07/Dairy07_ir_CalfHealth.pdf.Google Scholar
Van Donkersgoed, J, Ribble, CS, Boyer, LG and Townsend, HG (1993) Epidemiological study of enzootic pneumonia in dairy calves in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 57, 247.Google ScholarPubMed
Virtala, AMK, Mechor, GD, Grohn, YT and Erb, HN (1996) Morbidity from nonrespiratory diseases and mortality in dairy heifers during the first three months of life. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 208, 2043–2046.Google ScholarPubMed
White, BJ, Anderson, DE, Renter, DG, Larson, RL, Mosier, DA, Kelly, LL and Walz, ML (2012) Clinical, behavioral, and pulmonary changes in calves following inoculation with Mycoplasma bovis. American Journal of Veterinary Research 73, 490–497.10.2460/ajvr.73.4.490CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed