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A genetic profile of bovine pestiviruses circulating in Brazil (1998–2018)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 January 2019

E. F. Flores ,
J. F. Cargnelutti ,
F. L. Monteiro ,
F. V. Bauermann ,
J. F. Ridpath  and
R. Weiblen
E. F. Flores*
Affiliation:
Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 63A, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
J. F. Cargnelutti
Affiliation:
Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 63A, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
F. L. Monteiro
Affiliation:
Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 63A, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
F. V. Bauermann
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ADRDL), South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
J. F. Ridpath
Affiliation:
Ridpath Consulting, LLC, Gilbert, Iowa, 50105, USA
R. Weiblen
Affiliation:
Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 63A, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: E. F. Flores, Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 63A, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil. E-mail: eduardofurtadoflores@gmail.com
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Abstract

The pestiviruses bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), 2 (BVDV-2), and HoBi-like (HoBiPeV) are endemic among Brazilian cattle, the world's largest commercial bovine herd. In the last two decades (1998–2018) over 300 bovine pestiviruses have been partially or fully sequenced in Brazil, including viruses from different regions, different epidemiological backgrounds, and associated with diverse clinical presentations. Phylogenetic analysis of these viruses demonstrated a predominance of BVDV-1 (54.4%), with subgenotypes −1a (33.9% of total) and −1b (16.3%) being more frequent and subgenotypes −1d, −1e, and −1i at very low frequencies. The overall BVDV-2 frequency was 25.7% but it varied largely by region, reaching up to 48% in Southern states. BVDV-2b was the predominant subgenotype (84.8% of BVDV-2), followed by BVDV-2a (8.86%). HoBiPeV accounted for 19.9% (61/307) of the genotyped viruses and were detected at high frequency in cattle from Northeastern states. These findings demonstrate a unique mix of pestivirus species and subgenotypes, unlike that seen in Europe or North America. The design of effective diagnostic tools, vaccines, and control programs for limiting bovine pestivirus infections in Brazil must take into consideration this unique mix of viruses. This article provides a critical review of two decades of genetic identification of pestiviruses in Brazil.

Keywords

BVDVgeneticHoBi-likepestivirusphylogeny
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , December 2018 , pp. 134 - 141
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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