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Histophilus somni host–parasite relationships

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2008

Lynette B. Corbeil
Lynette B. Corbeil*
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: lcorbeil@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus) is one of the key bacterial pathogens involved in the multifactorial etiology of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. This Gram negative pleomorphic rod also causes bovine septicemia, thrombotic meningencephalitis, myocarditis, arthritis, abortion and infertility, as well as disease in sheep, bison and bighorn sheep. Virulence factors include lipooligosaccharide, immunoglobulin binding proteins (as a surface fibrillar network), a major outer membrane protein (MOMP), other outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and exopolysaccharide. Histamine production, biofilm formation and quorum sensing may also contribute to pathogenesis. Antibodies are very important in protection as shown in passive protection studies. The lack of long-term survival of the organism in macrophages, unlike facultative intracellular bacteria, also suggests that antibodies should be critical in protection. Of the immunoglobulin classes, IgG2 antibodies are most implicated in protection and IgE antibodies in immunopathogenesis. The immunodominant antigen recognized by IgE is the MOMP and by IgG2 is a 40 kDa OMP. Pathogenetic synergy of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and H. somni in calves can be attributed, in part at least, to the higher IgE anti-MOMP antibody responses in dually infected calves. Other antigens are probably involved in stimulating host defense or immunopathology as well.

Keywords

virulence factorsantibodiesprotectionpathogenesisHistophilus somniBovine Respiratory Diseasesyneryimmunoglobulins
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , December 2007 , pp. 151 - 160
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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